The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M75) At the festival of the winter solstice in December the Aztecs killed
their god Huitzilopochtli in effigy first and ate him afterwards. As a
preparation for this solemn ceremony an image of the deity in the likeness
of a man was fashioned out of seeds of various sorts, which were kneaded
into a dough with the blood of children. The bones of the god were
represented by pieces of acacia wood. This image was placed on the chief
altar of the temple, and on the day of the festival the king offered
incense to it. Early next day it was taken down and set on its feet in a
great hall. Then a priest, who bore the name and acted the part of the god
Quetzalcoatl, took a flint-tipped dart and hurled it into the breast of
the dough-image, piercing it through and through. This was called “killing
the god Huitzilopochtli so that his body might be eaten.” One of the
priests cut out the heart of the image and gave it to the king to eat. The
rest of the image was divided into minute pieces, of which every man great
and small, down to the male children in the cradle, received one to eat.
But no woman might taste a morsel. The ceremony was called _teoqualo_,
that is, “god is eaten.”(246)
(M76) At another festival the Mexicans made little images like men, which
stood for the cloud-capped mountains. These images were moulded of a paste
of various seeds and were dressed in paper ornaments. Some people
fashioned five, others ten, others as many as fifteen of them. Having been
made, they were placed in the oratory of each house and worshipped. Four
times in the course of the night offerings of food were brought to them in
tiny vessels; and people sang and played the flute before them through all
the hours of darkness. At break of day the priests stabbed the images with
a weaver’s instrument, cut off their heads, and tore out their hearts,
which they presented to the master of the house on a green saucer. The
bodies of the images were then eaten by all the family, especially by the
servants, “in order that by eating them they might be preserved from
certain distempers, to which those persons who were negligent of worship
to those deities conceived themselves to be subject.”(247) In some cities
of Mexico, as in Tlacopan and Coyohuacan, an idol was fashioned out of
grains of various kinds, and the warriors ate it in the belief that the
sacred food would increase their forces fourfold when they marched to the
fight.(248) At certain festivals held thrice a year in Nicaragua all the
men, beginning with the priests and chiefs, drew blood from their tongues
and genital organs with sharp knives of flint, allowed it to drip on some
sheaves of maize, and then ate the bloody grain as a blessed food.(249)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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