The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 11 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 11 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M122) Thus the idea that the soul may be deposited for a longer or
shorter time in some place of security outside the body, or at all events
in the hair, is found in the popular tales of many races. It remains to
shew that the idea is not a mere figment devised to adorn a tale, but is a
real article of primitive faith, which has given rise to a corresponding
set of customs.
(M123) We have seen that in the tales the hero, as a preparation for
battle, sometimes removes his soul from his body, in order that his body
may be invulnerable and immortal in the combat. With a like intention the
savage removes his soul from his body on various occasions of real or
imaginary peril. Thus among the people of Minahassa in Celebes, when a
family moves into a new house, a priest collects the souls of the whole
family in a bag, and afterwards restores them to their owners, because the
moment of entering a new house is supposed to be fraught with supernatural
danger.(411) In Southern Celebes, when a woman is brought to bed, the
messenger who fetches the doctor or the midwife always carries with him
something made of iron, such as a chopping-knife, which he delivers to the
doctor. The doctor must keep the thing in his house till the confinement
is over, when he gives it back, receiving a fixed sum of money for doing
so. The chopping-knife, or whatever it is, represents the woman’s soul,
which at this critical time is believed to be safer out of her body than
in it. Hence the doctor must take great care of the object; for were it
lost, the woman’s soul would assuredly, they think, be lost with it.(412)
But in Celebes the convenience of occasionally depositing the soul in some
external object is apparently not limited to human beings. The Alfoors, or
Toradjas, who inhabit the central district of that island, and among whose
industries the working of iron occupies a foremost place, attribute to the
metal a soul which would be apt to desert its body under the blows of the
hammer, if some means were not found to detain it. Accordingly in every
smithy of Poso—for that is the name of the country of these people—you may
see hanging up a bundle of wooden instruments, such as chopping-knives,
swords, spear-heads, and so forth. This bundle goes by the name of
_lamoa_, which is the general word for “gods,” and in it the soul of the
iron that is being wrought in the smithy is, according to one account,
supposed to reside. “If we did not hang the _lamoa_ over the anvil,” they
say, “the iron would flow away and be unworkable,” on account of the
absence of the soul.(413) However, according to another interpretation
these wooden models are substitutes offered to the gods in room of the
iron, whose soul the covetous deities might otherwise abstract for their
own use, thus making the metal unmalleable.(414)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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