The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 11 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 11 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M124) Among the Dyaks of Pinoeh, a district of South-Eastern Borneo, when
a child is born, a medicine-man is sent for, who conjures the soul of the
infant into half a coco-nut, which he thereupon covers with a cloth and
places on a square platter or charger suspended by cords from the roof.
This ceremony he repeats at every new moon for a year.(415) The intention
of the ceremony is not explained by the writer who describes it, but we
may conjecture that it is to place the soul of the child in a safer place
than its own frail little body. This conjecture is confirmed by the reason
assigned for a similar custom observed elsewhere in the Indian
Archipelago. In the Kei Islands, when there is a newly-born child in a
house, an empty coco-nut, split and spliced together again, may sometimes
be seen hanging beside a rough wooden image of an ancestor. The soul of
the infant is believed to be temporarily deposited in the coco-nut in
order that it may be safe from the attacks of evil spirits; but when the
child grows bigger and stronger, the soul will take up its permanent abode
in its own body. Similarly among the Esquimaux of Alaska, when a child is
sick, the medicine-man will sometimes extract its soul from its body and
place it for safe-keeping in an amulet, which for further security he
deposits in his own medicine-bag. (416) It seems probable that many
amulets have been similarly regarded as soul-boxes, that is, as safes in
which the souls of the owners are kept for greater security.(417) An old
Mang’anje woman in the West Shire district of British Central Africa used
to wear round her neck an ivory ornament, hollow, and about three inches
long, which she called her life or soul (_moyo wanga_). Naturally, she
would not part with it; a planter tried to buy it of her, but in
vain.(418) When Mr. James Macdonald was one day sitting in the house of a
Hlubi chief, awaiting the appearance of that great man, who was busy
decorating his person, a native pointed to a pair of magnificent ox-horns,
and said, “Ntame has his soul in these horns.” The horns were those of an
animal which had been sacrificed, and they were held sacred. A magician
had fastened them to the roof to protect the house and its inmates from
the thunder-bolt. “The idea,” adds Mr. Macdonald, “is in no way foreign to
South African thought. A man’s soul there may dwell in the roof of his
house, in a tree, by a spring of water, or on some mountain scaur.”(419)
Among the natives of the Gazelle Peninsula in New Britain there is a
secret society which goes by the name of Ingniet or Ingiet. On his
entrance into it every man receives a stone in the shape either of a human
being or of an animal, and henceforth his soul is believed to be knit up
in a manner with the stone. If it breaks, it is an evil omen for him; they
say that the thunder has struck the stone and that he who owns it will
soon die. If nevertheless the man survives the breaking of his soul-stone,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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