——, branches of, on Midsummer Day, i. 177, 196; a protection against witchcraft, ii. 185 —— trees set up at Midsummer, i. 177; used to keep off witches, ii. 20 _n._; mistletoe on, 315 Bird, disease transferred to, ii. 187; brings first fire to earth, 295 Bird-lime made from mistletoe, ii. 317 Birds, external souls in, ii. 104, 111, 119, 142, 144, 150; carry seed of mistletoe, 316 Birseck, Lenten fires at, i. 119 Birth, the new, of novices at initiation, ii. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261 Birth-names of Central American Indians, ii. 214 _n._ 1 —— -trees in Africa, ii. 160 _sqq._; in Europe, 165 Birthday of the Sun at the winter solstice, i. 246 Bisection of the year, Celtic, i. 223 Black Corrie of Ben Breck, the giant of, in an Argyleshire tale, ii. 129 _sq._ —— Forest, Midsummer fires in the, i. 168 —— Isle, Ross-shire, i. 301 —— poplars, mistletoe on, ii. 316, 318 _n._ 6 —— spauld, a disease of cattle, cure for, i. 325 —— three-legged horse ridden by witches, ii. 74 Blackening girls at puberty, i. 41, 60 Blemishes, physical, transferred to witches, i. 160 _n._ 1 Blindness of Hother, ii. 279 _n._ 4 Block, the Yule, i. 247 Blocksberg, the resort of witches, i. 171; the Mount of the Witches, ii. 74 Blood, girls at puberty forbidden to see, i. 46; disastrous effect of seeing menstruous, 77; drawn from women who do not menstruate, 81 —— -brotherhood between men and animals among the Fans, ii. 201, 226 _n._ 1 —— -covenant between men and animals, ii. 201, 214, 226 _n._ 1 ——, human, used in rain-making ceremonies, ii. 232 _sq._ ——, menstruous, dread of, i. 76; deemed fatal to cattle, 80; miraculous virtue attributed to, 82 _sq._; medicinal application of, 98 _n._ 1 —— of St. John found on St. John’s wort and other plants at Midsummer, ii. 56, 57 —— of sheep poured on image of god as a sin-offering, i. 82 Boa-constrictors, kings at death turn into, ii. 212 _n._ Boas, Dr. Franz, on seclusion of Shuswap girls at puberty, i. 53; on customs observed by mourners among the Bella Coola Indians, ii. 174; on initiation into the wolf society of the Nootka Indians, 270 _sq._; on the relation between clans and secret societies, 273 _n._ 1 Boar’s skin, shoes of, worn by a king at inauguration, i. 4 Boars, familiar spirits of wizards in, ii. 196 _sq._; lives of persons bound up with those of, 201, 203, 205; external human souls in, 207 Bocage of Normandy, Midsummer fires in the, i. 185; the Yule log in the, 252; torchlight processions on Christmas Eve in the, 266 Body-without-soul in a Ligurian story, ii. 107; in a German story, 116 _sq._; in a Breton story, 132 _sq._; in a Basque story, 139 Boeotian festival of the Great Daedala, ii. 77 _n._ 1 Bogota, rigorous training of the heir to the throne of, i. 19