Laon, Midsummer fires near, i. 187 Laos, custom of elephant hunters in, i. 5; the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, ii. 222 Lapps, their rule as to menstruous women, i. 91; their story of the external soul, ii. 140 _sq._; their custom of shooting arrows at skin of dead bear, 280 _n._ Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires through bunches of, i. 163, 165 _sq._ Larrakeeyah tribe of South Australia, their treatment of girls at puberty, i. 38 Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 18th, i. 220 Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, i. 170; marriage oaks in, ii. 165 Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, i. 95 _sq._ Lead, melted, divination by, i. 242 Leaf-clad mummer on Midsummer Day, ii. 25 _sq._ Leaping over bonfires to ensure good crops, i. 107; as a preventive of colic, 107, 195 _sq._, 344; to make the flax grow tall, 119, 165, 166, 166 _sq._, 168, 173, 174, 337; to ensure a happy marriage, 107, 108; to ensure a plentiful harvest, 155, 156; to be free from backache at reaping, 165, 168; as a preventive of fever, 166, 173, 194; for luck, 171, 189; in order to be free from ague, 174; in order to marry and have many children, 204, 338 _sq._; as cure of sickness, 214; to procure offspring, 214, 338; over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, ii. 2; after a burial to escape the ghost, 18; a panacea for almost all ills, 20; as a protection against witchcraft, 40 Leaping of women over the Midsummer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, i. 194, 339 Leaps of lovers over the Midsummer bonfires, i. 165, 166, 168, 174 Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule log, i. 257 _sq._ Lebanon, peasants of the, their dread of menstruous women, i. 83 _sq._ Lech, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, i. 166 Lechrain, the divining rod in, ii. 68 Lecky, W. E. H., on the treatment of magic and witchcraft by the Christian Church, ii. 42 _n._ 2 Lee, the laird of, his “cureing stane,” i. 325 _Leeting_ the witches, i. 245 Legends of persons who could not die, i. 99 _sq._ Legs and thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, i. 296 _n._ 1, 325 Leine, river, i. 124 Leinster, Midsummer fires in, i. 203 Leitrim, Midsummer fires in County, i. 203; divination at Hallowe’en in, 242; need-fire in, 297; witch as hare in, 318 Lemnos, worship of Hephaestus in, i. 138 Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, ii. 102 Lengua Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco, i. 75 _n._ 2; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, 56; masquerade of boys among, 57 _n._ 1 Lent, the first Sunday in, fire-festival on, i. 107 _sqq._; bonfires on, 107 _sqq._ Lenten fires, i. 106 _sqq._ Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, ii. 318 Leobschütz, in Silesia, Midsummer fires at, i. 170 Leonard, Major A. G., on souls of people in animals, ii. 206 _n._ 2