Leopard the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, ii. 202 Leopards, lives of persons bound up with those of, ii. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206; external human souls in, 207 Lerwick, Christmas _guizing_ at, i. 268 _sq._; procession with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at, 268; celebration of Up-helly-a’ at, 269 _n._ 1 Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, i. 124 Lesbos, fires on St. John’s Eve in, i. 211 _sq._ Leslie, David, on Caffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in serpents, ii. 211 _n._ 2, 212 _n._ L’Étoile, Lenten fires at, i. 113 Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, i. 203 Letts of Russia, Midsummer fires among the, i. 177 _sq._; gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, ii. 50 Lewis, Professor W. J., i. 127 _n._ 1 Lewis, island of, custom of fiery circle in the, i. 151 _n._; need-fire in the, 293 _Lexicon Mythologicum_, author of, on the Golden Bough, ii. 284 _n._ 3 Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, i. 16 _n._ 1 License, annual period of, i. 135; at Midsummer festival, 180, 339 Liège, Lenten fires near, i. 108 Lierre, in Belgium, the witches’ Sabbath at, ii. 73 Life of community bound up with life of divine king, i. 1 _sq._; the water of, ii. 114 _sq._; of woman bound up with ornament, 156; of a man bound up with the capital of a column, 156 _sq._; of a man bound up with fire in hut, 157; of child bound up with knife, 157; of children bound up with trees, 160 _sqq._; the divisibility of, 221. _See also_ Soul —— -indices, trees and plants as, ii. 160 _sqq._ —— -tokens in fairy tales, ii. 118 _n._ 1 —— -tree of the Manchu dynasty at Peking, ii. 167 _sq._ —— -trees of kings of Uganda, ii. 160 Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, i. 177, 178 _n._ 1 Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, i. 57; external soul of witch in a, ii. 116 Lightning, charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talisman against, i. 121, 124, 140 _sq._, 145, 146; the Easter candle a talisman against, 122; brands of the Midsummer bonfires a protection against, 166 _n._ 1, 183; flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, 169; charred sticks of bonfires a protection against, 174, 187, 188, 190; ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, 187, 188, 190; torches interpreted as imitations of, 340 _n._ 1; bonfires a protection against, 344; a magical coal a protection against, ii. 61; pine-tree struck by, used to make bull-roarer, 231; superstitions about trees struck by, 296 _sqq._; thought to be caused by a great bird, 297; strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, 298 _sq._; regarded as a god descending out of heaven, 298; mode of treating persons who have been struck by, 298 _n._ 2; places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, 299. _See also_ Thunder