[511] The nearest root of this word, as well as its remote root, has disappeared from the modern German, where one finds only its derivatives. Its primitive root is in the Latin word _opt_, whence comes _opto_, I choose: and _optime_, best. This root is attached to the Phœnician עיף (_whôph_), anything which is raised above another thing. It becomes nasal in the German word and has changed the _ph_ to _ft_. From it is derived the Saxon, English, Belgian, and Danish word _up_, which expresses the movement of everything which tends above. Also from it, the German word _luft_, air, and the English word _aloft_, that which is elevated. The preposition _ver_ has taken the final _n_, placing it before _unft_, as it carries it constantly in its analogue _fern_, that which is distant. Likewise one says _fernglass_, a telescope with which one sees at a distance. [512] De Gérando, _Hist. des Systèmes de Philos._, t. ii., p. 193. [513] _Krit. der Rein. Vernunft_, s. 24. [514] In the Oriental languages רו (_rou_) indicates the visual ray, and רד (_rad_), all movement which is determined upon a straight line. This root, accompanied by a guttural inflection, is called _recht_, in German, and _right_ in English and Saxon. The Latins made of it _rectum_, that which is straight. In French _rature_ and _rateau_. The Teutons, taking right in a figurative sense, have drawn from this same root, _rath_, a council, and _richter_, a judge. [515] _In Tim._, cité par Beausobre, _Hist. du Manich._, t. ii., p. 174. [516] The word intelligence, in Latin _intelligentia_, is formed of two words, _inter eligere_ or _elicere_, to choose, to attract to self interiorly, and by sympathy. The etymology of the word expresses exactly the use of the faculty. [517] _Kritik der Reinen Vernunft_, s. 662, 731; De Gérando, _Hist. des Systèm._, t. ii., p. 230. [518] _Krit. der Reinen Vernunft_, s. 306, 518, 527, etc. [519] _Ibid._, s. 135, 137. 399. etc. [520] _Kritik der praktischen Vernunft_ (Critique de la Raison pratique), s. 5, 22, 219, 233, etc. [521] _Characteristics_, London, 1737. [522] _A System of Moral Philosophy_, t. i., ch. 4. [523] _Enquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principle of Common Sense._ [524] _An Appeal to Common Sense_, etc., Edinburgh, 1765. [525] _Pensées_, § 21. [526] In Greek τὸ ἡγεμονικόν, that which dominates and rules, that which is intelligible. [527] In Greek τὸ φυσικόν, that which pertains to generative nature, that which is physical, and sentient. [528] In Greek τὸ λογικόν, that which pertains to reasonable nature, that which is logical, the thing which proves that another thing is. _Voyez_ Platon, _in Tim._, et conférez avec Beausobre, _Hist. du Manich._, t. ii., p. 174.