Nerañjarā, Naira'ñjanā, _skt._, name of a river identified by some with the Nilajan, by others with the Phalgu. Nidā'na, _p._ and _skt._, cause. The twelve nidānas, forming the chain of causation which brings about the misery in the world. [See Oldenberg, _Buddha_, Engl. tr., pp 224--252]. Nigga'ntha, _p._, Nirgra'ntha, _skt._, literally "liberated from bonds"; a name adopted by the adherents of the Jaina sect; Nigganthas, give also to the. Nigro'dha, _p._, Nyagro'dha, _skt._, a tree, _ficus indica_ well known for its air roots.. Nirmā'na Kā'ya, _skt._, the body of transformation. Nirvā'na, _skt._, Nibbā'na, _p._, extinction, viz., the extinction of self; according to the Hīnayāna it is defined as "extinction of illusion," according to the Mayāyāna as "attainment of truth." Nirvāna means, according to the latter, enlightenment, the state of mind in which upādāna, kilesa, and tanhā are extinct, the happy condition of enlightenment, peace of mind, bliss, the glory of righteousness in this life and beyond, the eternal rest of Buddha after death. Buddha himself has refused to decide the problem whether or not Nirvāna is a final extinction of personality. When questioned, he indicated by his silence that the solution is not one of those subjects a knowledge of which is indispensable for salvation; where is Nirvāna?; Nirvāna not a locality; the city of Nirvāna; the harvest, Nirvāna; the one aim, Nirvāna; Samsāra and Nirvāna. Okkā'ka, _p._, Ikshvā'ku, _skt._, the name of a mythological family from which the chiefs of the Sakyas claim descent. Pabba'jjā, _p._, pravra'jyā, _skt._, the act of leaving the world for receiving admittance to the Order. The first step of the Buddhist ordination. (See Upasa'mpadā.) Pajā'patī, _p._, Prajā'patī or Mahā-Prajā'patī, _skt._, the sister of Māyā-devī, second wife of Suddhodana, aunt and fostermother of Buddha. She is also called by her husband's family name Gotamī (feminine form of Gotama). Pajjo'ta, _p._, Pradyo'ta, _skt._, name of a king of Ujjenī. (Pakati, _p._) Pra'kriti, _skt._, name of a girl of low caste. Pāramitā', _p._ and _skt._, perfection, or virtue. The six pāramitās are: almsgiving, morality, patience, zeal or energy, meditation, and wisdom. Paribbā'jaka, _p._, Parivrā'jaka, _skt._, a sect belonging to the Tīrthika school. Pase'nadi, _p._, (Prase'najit, _skt._, also called Pasenit) king of Kosala, residing at Sāvatthī.