Sakyamuni, _p._, Śakyamuni, _skt._, the Sākya sage; a cognomen of Buddha. Sā'la, _p._, Śā'la, _skt._, a tree, _vatica robusta_; sāla-grove; sāla-trees. Samā'dhi, _p._ and _skt._, trance, abstraction, self-control. Rhys Davids says (_B._ _p._ 177): "Buddhism has not been able to escape from the natural results of the wonder with which abnormal nervous states have always been regarded during the infancy of science.... But it must be added, to its credit, that the most ancient Buddhism despises dreams and visions; and that the doctrine of Samādhi is of small practical importance compared with the doctrine of the noble eightfold Path." Eitel says (_Handbook_, p. 140): "The term Samādhi is sometimes used ethically, when it designates moral self-deliverance from passion and vice." Sa'mana, _p._, Śrā'mana, _skt._, an ascetic; one who lives under the vow; the Samana Gotama, the vision of a samana. Sambho'ga-Kā'ya, _skt._, the body of Bliss. Sammappadhā'na, _p._, Samyakpradhā'na, _skt._, right effort, exertion, struggle. There are four great efforts to overcome sin, which are: (1) Mastery over the passions so as to prevent bad qualities from rising; (2) suppression of sinful thoughts to put away bad qualities which have arisen; (3) meditation on the seven kinds of wisdom (Bojjhañga) in order to produce goodness not previously existing, and (4) fixed attention or the exertion of preventing the mind from wandering, so as to increase the goodness which exists. [See the Mahāpadhāna-Sutta in the _Dīgha-Nikāya_. Compare _B.B. St._, p. 89, and Rh. Davids's _Buddhism_, pp. 172-173.] Samsā'ra, _p._ and _skt._, the ocean of birth and death, transiency, worldliness, the restlessness of a worldly life, the agitation of selfishness, the vanity fair of life. Sa'ngha, _p._ and _skt._, the brotherhood of Buddha's disciples, the Buddhist church. An assembly of at least four has the power to hear confession, to grant absolution, to admit persons to the priesthood, etc. The sangha forms the third constituent of the Tiratana or three jewels in which refuge is taken (the S. B. of the E. spell Sawgha); sangha maybe expected to prosper. Sa'ñjaya, _p._ and _skt._, a wandering ascetic and chief of that sect to which Sāriputta and Moggallāna belonged before their conversion. Sankhā'ra, _p._, Samskā'ra, _skt._, confection, conformation, disposition. It is the formative element in the karma as it has taken shape in bodily existence. Sāripu'tta, _p._, Sāripu'tra, _skt._, one of the principal disciples of Buddha; the Buddhistic St. Peter; Sāriputta's faith.