[256:4] In his excellent _Recht und Technik des Englischen Parlamentarismus_--the only systematic history of procedure in the House of Commons--Dr. Redlich dwells on two tendencies in the evolution of the standing orders since 1832. One of these consists in giving to the ministry an ever greater control over the time, and hence over the activity, of the House; the other in keeping the House more and more strictly to its prearranged order of business for the day. Now the manifestations of this last tendency, which he makes very clear, can also be classed as changes made to save time or to arrange the distribution of time. Whether in the form of forbidding motions to vary the prescribed order of business, or to confine amendments and debate to matters relevant to the main question, or to exclude dilatory motions and others that open an indefinite field for discussion, they have the effect either of preventing waste of time by debating trivial questions or matters that the House does not care to take up, or of preventing the use for some other purpose of time allotted to the government or to a private member. Since this was written Dr. Redlich's book has happily been translated into English, but as the English edition has not yet been received the references to the German edition are left unchanged. [257:1] This is also Dr. Redlich's opinion, _Recht und Technik_, 246. [258:1] May, 299. [258:2] _Ibid._, 301. [258:3] _Ibid._, 571. [258:4] _Ibid._, 471. [258:5] _Ibid._, 472-3. [258:6] S.O. 36. [258:7] S.O. 40. [258:8] S.O. 32, 51. [258:9] S.O. 53. [258:10] _E.g._ S.O. 1 (7), 18, 26, 31, 91. [258:11] S.O. 22, 23. [259:1] May, 151. [259:2] _Cf. ibid._, 150, note 3. [260:1] S.O. 26. [260:2] S.O. 23. [260:3] S.O. 19. [260:4] But the Speaker himself may submit a question to the judgment of the House. May, 331. [260:5] The action of the Speaker can be brought before the House only by a motion made at another time after due notice, but this is, of course, almost useless for the purpose of reversing the ruling complained of: Hans. 3 Ser. CCLVIII., 10, 14. On the occasion when Speaker Brand made this ruling he intimated that a member making on the spot a motion to disagree with it would be guilty of disregarding the authority of the chair, and liable to suspension under the standing orders. _Ibid._, 9. [261:1] The Lord Chancellor has far less power as presiding officer of the House of Lords. May, 186, 296, 307, 331. [261:2] S.O. 18. If a member who is suspended refuses to leave the House, the Speaker may, on his own authority, suspend him for the remainder of the session. _Ibid._