PART IV.--EDUCATION CHAPTER XLVII PUBLIC ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 295 CHAPTER XLVIII SECONDARY EDUCATION 324 CHAPTER XLIX THE UNIVERSITIES 343 CHAPTER L EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND 354 PART V.--THE CHURCH CHAPTER LI ORGANISATION OF THE CHURCH 362 CHAPTER LII REVENUES OF THE CHURCH 374 CHAPTER LIII THE FREE CHURCH FEDERATION 380 PART VI.--THE EMPIRE CHAPTER LIV COMPONENT PARTS OF THE EMPIRE 386 CHAPTER LV THE SELF-GOVERNING COLONIES 392 CHAPTER LVI THE CROWN COLONIES 408 CHAPTER LVII INDIA AND THE PROTECTORATES 420 CHAPTER LVIII IMPERIAL FEDERATION 430 PART VII.--THE COURTS OF LAW CHAPTER LIX HISTORY OF THE COURTS 439 CHAPTER LX THE EXISTING COURTS 451 CHAPTER LXI THE ENGLISH CONCEPTION OF LAW 471 CHAPTER LXII EFFECTS OF THE CONCEPTION OF LAW 489 PART VIII.--REFLECTIONS CHAPTER LXIII ARISTOCRACY AND DEMOCRACY 505 CHAPTER LXIV PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND LOCAL INTERESTS 514 CHAPTER LXV THE GROWTH OF PATERNALISM 520 CHAPTER LXVI PARTY AND CLASS LEGISLATION 531 CHAPTER LXVII CONCLUSION 539 INDEX 541 INTRODUCTORY NOTE ON THE CONSTITUTION [Sidenote: Different Meanings of the word Constitution.] De Tocqueville declared that the English Constitution did not really exist,[1:1] and he said so because in his mind the word "constitution" meant a perfectly definite thing to which nothing in England conformed. An examination of modern governments shows, however, that the thing is by no means so definite as he had supposed. [Sidenote: A Document Embodying the Chief Institutions.]