KEENE, H. G. The fall of the Moghul empire of Hindustan. New edition. London, 1887. —— The Turks in India. London, 1879. LANE-POOLE, STANLEY. Aurangzíb. (Rulers of India series.) Oxford, 1893. LANE-POOLE, STANLEY. Bábar. (Rulers of India series.) Oxford, 1899. —— Mediæval India under Mohammedan rule (A.D. 712-1764). New York, 1903. LYALL, SIR A. C. The Moghul empire. In _Cambridge Modern History_, vi. 506-529. New York, 1909. MALLESON, G. B. Akbar. (Rulers of India series.) Oxford, 1908. RAMBAUD, ALFRED. Organisation de l’empire mongol. In Lavisse and Rambaud’s _Histoire Générale_, vi. 878-883. Paris, 1895. RITCHIE, LEITCH. A history of the oriental nations. 2 vols. London, 1848. ROE, SIR THOMAS. Journal of his embassy to the court of the Great Mogul. 1615-1619. In Hakluyt Society’s publications, 2d series, vols. i-ii. London, 1899.—[As quoted by Lane-Poole and others.] APPENDIX V BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES I. SOURCES OF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTAL IDEAS Three traceable lines of influence can be followed from the earliest times until their appearance in the Ottoman government of the sixteenth century. The oldest began in Egypt, and continued down through various dynasties until the Roman conquest, after which it began to enter the Roman imperial government. From this it passed to the Byzantine and thence to the Ottoman system. Locally again it followed a more direct course through the Fatimides and Mamelukes until the time of Selim I’s conquest of Egypt. The slave government of the Mamelukes offers an interesting subject for comparison with the Ottoman Ruling Institution. It would be superfluous to give references for this line of development, except perhaps to mention Sir William Muir’s book, _The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt_ (London, 1896), and Stanley Lane-Poole’s _Egypt in the Middle Ages_ (London, 1901). The second line, which seems to have contributed a greater number of elements, came down in the Bagdad-Euphrates valley through various governments to the Saracen and Seljuk empires, from which it passed to the Ottomans. Here again no general references need be given. Perhaps the most useful book in connection with the subject is D. B. McDonald’s _Moslem Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory_ (New York, 1903).