[361] In Europe 30,000 _Spahis_ and 20,000 _Timarjis_; in Anatolia 12,000 _Spahis_; in Karamania 7000, Amasia 4000, and Avandole 7000. This is the estimate of Junis Bey and Ramberti, which Geuffroy, 247, follows, and which Postel, iii. 37 ff., changes a little (Karamania 5000 instead of 7000, Amasia omitted). Ludovisi, 16, gives practically the same figures. Navagero, 41, gives 40,000 in Europe and 80,000 to 100,000 in Asia, the latter figure probably including the troops of Syria and Mesopotamia, and of Egypt, which was not provided with fiefs in the same way. Barbaro, 304, and Garzoni, 412, mention 80,000 in Europe and 50,000 in Asia. D. Barbarigo (1558), 33, speaks of a sum total of 160,000 feudal _Spahis_. Tiepolo (1576), 140, speaks of 60,000 _timars_ in Europe which sent 80,000 _Spahis_, and 50,000 _Spahis_ from Asia. The number may have increased about one-half during Suleiman’s reign, but it is more likely that all the groups of figures are only estimates. Ricaut, 341, after careful inquiry, gives the number of _Zaims_ in his time as 10,948, and of _Timarjis_ as 72,436, for the whole empire except Egypt. He thinks that this estimate should be increased to 100,000. The total feudal contingent in the time of Achmet I, was by Turkish authority about the same (Tischendorf, 57 ff.). D’Ohsson, vii. 375, estimates the feudal troops at 200,000 in Suleiman’s time; on p. 381, however, he speaks of more than 150,000 men. See below, p. 107, n. 1. [362] Postel, iii. 38 (“triple pour le moins”). [363] Chesneau, 46; D’Ohsson, vii. 381. Knolles (ed. 1687, p. 990) says that not over one-third could safely be called to arms. [364] After the year 1541: Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 232. [365] After the year 1552: Trevisano, 124. The number of the _Beylerbeys_ was greatly increased in the last third of the sixteenth century. Knolles, 986-988, mentions five in Europe, 30 in Asia, and 4 in Africa, besides the _Beylerbey_ of the Sea, whose office was created by Suleiman, but who is not mentioned above as having no part in the army. [366] Spandugino, 153; Nicolay, 160. [367] The name _akinji_ is variously spelled: yachinji, alcanzi, alcangi, aconiziae, alengi, aquangi, achiar, aghiar. Spandugino, 150, says that the sultan can collect 200,000 of these for the war; Ramberti and Junis Bey (below, pp. 257, 271) mention 60,000 as inscribed; Giovio (_Commentarius_, 81) names 30,000; Garzoni, 414, says 25,000 or 30,000; Postel, iii. 26, says 50,000 or 60,000. Ramberti, 271, tells us that when in arms they were entitled to living expenses from the villages near which they passed. [368] Zinkeisen, iii. 203. [369] Spandugino, 152. Junis Bey, 270, mentions 1000 with the fleet, and Postel, iii. 71, mentions 10,000. [370] Postel, iii. 26. [371] Chalcocondyles, 135; Giovio, _Commentarius_, 81, etc. [372] Spandugino, 151. [373] See above, p. 98.