[381] Busbecq, _Life and Letters_, i. 293; on p. 221 he compares Turkish and Western soldiers most unfavorably for the latter. [382] Postel, i. 126; see also Dandolo, 166. Georgevitz, 45, says that he accompanied the Turkish army on an expedition against Persia (probably 1533 to 1536): “I saw a _Spahi_ decapitated together with his horse and servant, because the horse, having been left loose, entered some one’s field.” [383] Postel, iii. 31, speaking particularly of the Janissaries. [384] Morosini, 261. [385] _The Policy of the Turkish Empire_, “To the Reader.” [386] Junis Bey (below, pp. 274, 275) gives the order of march; Postel, 29 ff., describes the encampment. [387] Chalcocondyles, 135, says that the Turks lodged more grandly in the field than in peace at home. [388] Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 79. [389] _Ibid._ 160. [390] Other reasons have been advanced to account for the fall of Ibrahim (cf. Postel, iii. 48 ff.). The fact that he had became a danger to the throne is sufficient. [391] Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 438. [392] Halil Ganem, i. 206. [393] Ranke, 11. [394] The _Spahis_ of the Porte, and the Janissaries were not as a body put under a _Seraskier’s_ command until the time of Murad III: D’Ohsson, vii. 368; Djevad Bey, i. 16. [395] Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 141. [396] Final audience was given to the Austrian ambassadors on June 23 (_ibid._ 138), and Ibrahim marched about September 21 (_ibid._ 143). [397] _Ibid._ 277. [398] Postel, iii. 54, speaking of Charles V in 1535-36, says: “The Emperor had and lost during the war against the Sofi the fairest opportunity that ever Prince had in this world, to recover Constantinople: for at every shaking of a leaf, all the people trembled, and there was no guard in the city except the inhabitants and ten thousand _Ajem-oghlans_” [these from the time of Mohammed II had been commissioned to guard the capital during the army’s absence: D’Ohsson, vii. 348]. Erizzo, 131, also discusses this danger, emphasizing the valor of the Persians and the readiness of Asia Minor to revolt. The Turks in Constantinople in 1535 feared that the expedition which Charles V was preparing against Tunis was intended for an attack upon their city (_Revue Africaine_, xix. 352). [399] Suleiman in his letter to Ferdinand, November 27, 1562, says, “I, Lord of the Orient from the land of Tsin to the extremity of Africa”: Busbecq, _De Re Militari_, 272. [400] Ibrahim said, “I, if I now wished it, could place Luther on one side and the Pope on the other, and compel them to hold a council; what Charles ought to have done, the Sultan and I will now do”: Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 134. [401] Gerlach, 257, quoted in Zinkeisen, iii. 222. [402] Postel, iii. 19. [403] Spandugino, 218; Postel, i. 126. [404] D’Ohsson, vii. 202. [405] Suleiman permitted this because of the increase it produced in his income: Busbecq, _Life and Letters_, i. 114; Halil Ganem, i. 197. [406] D’Ohsson, vii. 182, 202.