Spacoillain, _see_ Spahi-oghlan. Spahi, a cavalry soldier; a member of the standing or feudal cavalry, 47, 98 ff., 100 ff. Spahi-oghlan (cavalry youth), a member of the highest corps of the standing cavalry, 98 and note 5. Spai, _see_ Spahi. Subashi, a captain of the feudal cavalry and governor of a town, 103. Sukhta (inflamed), _see_ Softa. Sulastrus, _see_ Silihdar. Sultana, a princess or queen mother, 125; (the true Turkish form uses a proper name or the word Valideh, followed by Sultan). Suluphtar, _see_ Silihdar. Tahvil Kalemi, a bureau of the Chancery, 183. Talisman, _see_ Danishmend. Tapu, a tenant’s lease or title deed, 31. Terjuman, an interpreter (dragoman). Terjuman Divani Humayun, a chief interpreter of the sultan, 183. Teshrifat, ceremony, 134. Teshrifatji, a master of ceremonies, 184. Teskereh, a document. Teskereji, a master of petitions, 184. Teskereji-bashi (chief of document-writers), the Nishanji, 184, 185. Timar, a fief of small income, 100; feudal income. Timarji, the holder of a Timar. Tughra, the sultan’s monogram, 185. Ulema (plural of âlim, a learned man), the whole body of Moslems learned in the Sacred Law, 203 ff. Ulufaji (paid troops), a member of the third corps of the sultan’s standing cavalry, 98 and note 5. Umena, plural of Emin. Urf, the sovereign will of the reigning sultan, 152, 162. ’Ushr, a tithe on lands belonging to Moslems, 175. Vakf, a religious endowment, 31, 201 ff. Valideh, a mother. Veznedar, an official weigher of money, 132. Vizier (burden-bearer), a minister of state, 163 ff. Voivode (Slavic), an officer, a governor. Yachinji, _see_ Akinji. Yaya, a fief holder by ancient tenure, owing infantry service, 105. Yaziji, a scribe or secretary. Yedi-kuleh (seven towers), a strong castle against the land wall of Constantinople, 172. Yenicheri (new soldiery), the corps of the Janissaries, 91 ff. Yeni Oda (new chamber), the lowest chamber of pages in the principal palace, 75, 127. Zagarji-bashi (master of the harriers), a high officer of the Janissaries, 132 note 5. Zanijiler (Italianized), lancers or Voinaks (?), 252. Zarabkhane-emini, intendant of mints and mines, 132. Ziam, the holder of a Ziamet. Ziamet, a large fief, 100. Zimmi, a tributary non-Moslem subject, 34. INDEX INDEX Achmet I, 126 note 1, 160 and note 5. Advancement based on merit, 82-86; in Mogul Empire, 283. Adviser of sultan (_Hoja_), 128, 218, 225. Afghans, in Mogul Empire, 280, 282. Agra, 287. Agricultural conditions, 144 and note 2, 163, 177; under Moguls in India, 297, 298.