Akbar, Mogul emperor, 278, 281; removed poll-tax on non-Moslems, 284; army of, 295; presents made to, 188; harem of, 290; revenue system of, 293, 294; amount of revenue of, 195; policy of, toward cultivators of soil, 297; removed internal tolls, 298; tolerated Hindus, 298; relation to Mohammedanism of, 302; “divine faith” of, 302. Albania, status of, 30, 33, 258, 297; furnished tribute boys, 52, 74. Ali Pasha, grand vizier of Suleiman, steps in promotion of, 87, 88; great authority, 164. Anatolia, 77, 79 note 4, 102, 104, 168, 169, 220; _Beylerbey_ of, 103-105, 189. Arabia, status of, 6, 30; rendering of justice in, 37; taxation in, 175, 176. Arabic language, 21, 77. Arabs, influence on Ottoman Empire, 4, 20, 23; in Foreign Legion, 50; relation of, to Ottoman government, 227, 258, 297; service of, to Mogul emperors, 281. Arbitrary taxes, 175, 176. Architecture, in Ottoman Empire, 23, 24, 239-241; in Mogul Empire, 287, 295. Armenian subjects, a separate organization, 34, 37; not liable to tribute of boys, 34. Arms, of _Spahis_ of the Porte and Janissaries, 138, 139; of Mogul infantry, 285. Army— Of Ottoman Empire, 90-113, 194; principal subdivisions of, 91; the territorial army, 104, 105; numbers in, 106, 107 and note 1; the supreme command of, 109-111; indivisibility of, 111-113. Of Mogul emperors, 279, 285-287; compared with Ottoman army, 285. Artillery of Mogul emperors, 286. Asia Minor, Occidental influence in, 7; occupation of, by Turks, 5, 14 ff., 35, 227; defined, 14 note 1; teachers from, 77; Janissary apprentices sent to, 79; heretics in, 210. _See_ Anatolia. Astrologer of sultan, 129. Audiences, of Suleiman, 101; of Aurangzeb, 289, 296; of Humayun, 296. Aurangzeb, Mogul emperor, compared with Suleiman, 278, 302; a zealous Moslem, 284, 298, 302; army of, 286, 287; audiences of, 289, 296; sisters of, 291; views on government of, 292; in civil wars, 293; revenue of, 295; reimposed capitation tax on non-Moslems, 295; education of, 300, 301. Austria, raided, 29, 50; paid tribute to Suleiman, 30, 177; wars of, with Ottoman Empire, 112, 113. Baber, founder of Mogul Empire, house of, compared with house of Osman, 278, 292, 293, 299 (_see_ Timur, house of); followers of, 279; character of, 280; family life of, 281; treatment of Moslem subjects by, 298. Babylon, 4. Bairam, feast of, 135, 136, 140. Balkan peninsula, 6, 51, 103. _See_ Albanians, Bulgarians, Rumelia, Servians. Bangash tribe of Afghans, 281, 282. Battle, order of, 100, 104. Bayezid II, circumstances of deposition of, 94; gave _kullar_ their own justice, 116; honor shown the _Mufti_ by, 209.