The Grand Fleet, 1914-1916 : $b its creation, development and workJellicoe, John Rushworth
History
The Grand Fleet, 1914-1916 : $b its creation, development and work
Jellicoe, John Rushworth
Great Britain. Royal Navy; Jutland, Battle of, 1916; World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations
At a sufficient interval before it was considered that the torpedoes
fired by the destroyers would cross our line, a signal was made to the
Battle Fleet to turn two points to port by subdivisions. Some minutes
later a report was made to me by Commander Bellairs (the officer on my
Staff especially detailed for this duty and provided with an instrument
for giving the necessary information) that this turn was insufficient
to clear the torpedoes, as I had held on until the last moment; a
further turn of two points was then made for a short time. As a result
of this attack and another that followed immediately, some twenty or
more torpedoes were observed to cross the track of the Battle Fleet,
in spite of our turn, the large majority of them passing the ships
of the 1st and 5th Battle Squadrons at the rear of the line. It was
fortunate that, owing to the turn away of the Fleet, the torpedoes were
apparently near the end of their run, and were consequently not running
at high speed. They were all avoided by the very skilful handling of
the ships by their captains, to whom the highest credit is due, not
only for their skill in avoiding the torpedoes, but for the manner in
which the ships, by neighbourly conduct towards each other, prevented
risk of collision and kept their station in the line. The captains were
most ably assisted by the admirable look-out kept by the organisation
that existed for dealing with this danger.
The skill shown could not, however, have prevented several ships from
being torpedoed had the range been less and the torpedoes consequently
running at a higher speed. Frequent exercises carried out at Scapa Flow
showed conclusively that the percentage of torpedoes that would hit
ships in a line when fired from destroyers at ranges up to 8,000 yards
was comparatively high, even if the tracks were seen and the ships
were manœuvred to avoid them. One very good reason is that torpedoes
are always a considerable but varying distance ahead of the line of
bubbles marking their track, making it difficult to judge the position
of the torpedo from its track. Many ships experienced escapes from
this and other attacks; thus the _Hercules_ reported that she “turned
away six points to avoid the torpedoes, one of which passed along the
starboard side and 40 yards across the bow, and the other passed close
under the stern”; the _Neptune_ reported that “the tracks of three
torpedoes were seen from the fore-top, one of which passed very close
and was avoided by the use of the helm”; in the _Agincourt’s_ report,
a statement occurred that “at 7.8 P.M. a torpedo just missed astern,
it having been reported from aloft and course altered”; and again,
“at 7.38 P.M. tracks of two torpedoes running parallel were observed
approaching; course altered to avoid torpedoes which passed ahead; and
at 8.25 P.M. torpedo track on starboard side, turned at full speed;
torpedo broke surface at about 150 yards on the starboard bow”; the
_Revenge_ remarked, “at 7.35 P.M.
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