The habitat of this grape extends from southern Oklahoma, as a northern limit, southwesterly into Mexico. The western boundary is the Pecos River. It is found on dry, alluvial, sandy or limestone bottoms or on limestone bluff lands and is said to be especially abundant along upland ravines. Candicans grows well on limestone lands enduring as much as 60 per ct. of carbonate of lime in the soil. The species blooms shortly before Labrusca and a week later than Riparia. It requires the long hot summers of its native country and will stand extreme drouth but is not hardy to cold, ten or fifteen degrees below zero killing the vine outright unless protected; and a lesser degree of cold injuring it severely. The berries, which are large for wild vines, have thin skins under which there is a pigment which gives them, when first ripe, a fiery, pungent taste but which partly disappears with maturity. The berries are very persistent, clinging to the pedicel long after ripe. Candicans is difficult to propagate from cuttings. Its roots resist phylloxera fairly well. It makes a good stock for Vinifera vines in its native country but owing to the difficulty of propagation is seldom used for that purpose. In the early days of Texas it was much used for the making of wine but as it is deficient in sugar, and as the must retains the acrid, pungent flavor, it does not seem to be well adapted for this purpose. It is not regarded as having great promise for southern horticulture and certainly has none for the North. =VITIS CANDICANS CORIACEA= Bailey. =1.= Shuttleworth Mss., Herb. Boiss. =2.= Chapman, _Fl. Sou. States_,--:71 (cited by Watson, Planchon and Bailey). V. CARIBEA, var. CORIACEA. =3.= Engelmann, _Bush. Cat._, =1883=:15. V. CANDICANS, Florida form. =4.= Munson, _Am. Hort. Soc. Rpt._, =1885=:136. V. CARIBEA; _Caloosa._ =5.= Planchon, _De Candolle's Mon. Phan._, =5=:323, 345. 1887. V. CORIACEA. =6.= Munson, _Soc. Prom. Ag. Sci. Rpt._, =1887=:59. V. CORIACEA; _Leather-Leaf grape_. =7.= Ib., _Gar. and For._, =3=:474. 1890. V. CORIACEA. =8.= Ib., _U. S. D. A. Pom. Bul._, =3=:10, 11. 1890. V. CORIACEA. =9.= Ib., _Am. Gard._, =12=:661. 1891. _V. coriacea; Leather-leaf grape._ =10.= Bailey, _Gray's Syn. Fl._, =1=:429. 1897. _Leather-leaf grape; Calloosa grape._ =11.= Munson, _Tex. Sta. Bul._, =56=:232, 240. 1900. V. CORIACEA; _Leather-Leaf grape_. =12.= Viala and Ravaz, _Am. Vines_, =1903=:42, 52. V. CORIACEA. Coriacea is a Florida variety of Candicans, differing from the Texas form, in having a shorter, somewhat smaller and comparatively thicker seed; small stipules; quite variable leaves, intermediate in shape between Labrusca and Candicans; and an absence of the fiery flavor. The blossoming period is two or three weeks later than the Texas form.