In classical times belief in the necessity of proper burial was widespread. Patroclus, it will be remembered, appears to his friend Achilles, and admonishes him that he should not neglect the dead, at the same time giving a dire picture of the state of the unburied. [252] Pausanias speaks [253] of the conduct of Lysander as reprehensible in not burying the bodies of Philocles and the four thousand slain at Aegospotami, saying that the Athenians did as much for the Medes after Marathon, and even Xerxes for the Lacedaemonians after Thermopylae. The story told by Cicero [254] of Simonides gives definite proof of the concrete nature of the reverential feeling among both Greeks and Romans. Suetonius in his life of Caligula relates that when the emperor's body was left half burned and unburied, ghosts filled the palace and garden. An example of the mediaeval belief is found in the Middle High German Kudrun, written at the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth. "Daz hast wol geraten," sprach der von Sturmlant. "ja sol man verkoufen ir ros und ir gewant, die da ligent tote, daz man der armen diete nach ir libes ende von ir guote disen frumen biete." Do sprach der degen Irolt: "sol man ouch die begraben, die uns den schaden taten, od sol man si die raben und die wilden wolve uf dem werde lazen niezen?" do rieten daz die wisen, daz sie der einen ligen niht enliezen. [255] The Annamite tale cited in the third chapter [256] and Servian VI., likewise summarized in connection with variants having the story-theme in simple form, [257] bear witness to the effect that the widespread belief has had upon folk-tales now in circulation. The connection of these two tales with the maerchen as such is so vague that they serve the end of illustrating its growth from popular belief rather than the relationship of one form to another. So also the story from Brittany, printed by Sebillot, [258] which tells how a ghost came to workmen in a mill demanding Christian interment for its body then buried under the foundations, serves the same end, though no reward is mentioned. Sometimes the neglect of burial by a person brings unpleasant results to him, as is witnessed by a tale from Guernsey. [259] A fisherman neglected to bury a body which he encountered on the coast, and, when he reached his home, found the ghost awaiting him. An Indian tale illustrates the belief that the dead become vampires when funeral rites are not performed. [260] In most versions of The Grateful Dead a corpse is left unburied either because creditors remain unpaid or the surviving relatives cannot pay for Christian burial. From sixteenth century Scotland we have evidence that the latter trait is based on actual custom. Sir David Lyndesaye, in The Monarche, while describing the exactions of the clergy, says: