The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk StoryGerould, Gordon Hall
General
The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story
Gerould, Gordon Hall
Dead -- Folklore; Folk literature -- Themes, motives; Grateful dead (Tale)
Dutz has already shown [99] that Old Wives' Tale has three of the
essential features of The Grateful Dead, viz.: the burial of the
dead with the peculiar prophetic advice of Erestus, the reward of
the hero by assistance in getting a wife, and the sharing of the
woman. Because of the non-schematic nature of his discussion he did
not make any attempt to classify the variant more specifically. In
his edition of the play, [100] Professor Gummere, in indicating some
of the folk-lore which Peele used, has likewise called attention
[101] to the connection with our theme. Of particular importance is
his hint as to the likeness of the variant to the story which I call
Irish III. It is practicable, however, to carry the matter somewhat
further. The adventures of Delia, Eumenides, and Jack are all that
really concern us. It will be seen that these conform in essentials
to the type under consideration. There is the burial, the agreement,
the death of the wizard, and the division. To be sure, as in other
instances, the dispossession of the woman has been obscured by other
elements; yet the type is unmistakable, it seems to me. One trait in
particular connects Old Wives' Tale with Irish I. and II. In all three
the hero seeks a maiden who is white as snow and red as blood. On
the other hand, the ghost is called Jack as in Irish III. and the
English tale which bears Jack's name. Because of these similarities
and discrepancies one is forced to conclude that for this part of his
play Peele drew upon some version of Jack the Giant-Killer, which was
far better preserved than the forms known to-day. His original must
have had many points in common with the tale as extant in Ireland,
though we need not believe that he knew it in other than English dress.
It yet remains to consider the relations of the two sets of variants
discussed in this chapter to The Poison Maiden and to one another. The
group is peculiar in that all the members of it are folk-tales, save
three: Tobit, Danish III. and Old Wives' Tale. The two latter are,
however, immediately derived from popular narratives of an easily
discernible type. Thus Tobit is an anomaly from almost any point of
view, obscure in its origin and possessed of only trivial influence
upon the other tales belonging to the same group. Of the twenty-six
variants, fifteen have The Grateful Dead + The Poison Maiden simply,
while the other eleven add thereto more or less distinct elements of
The Water of Life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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