Moreover, the bourgeoisie have another interest in keeping up nationalism and the fear of war. These feelings create a sort of permanent military spirit in a nation. More precisely, they create in the people a disposition to accept the existing hierarchy, to obey orders, to recognize superiors, i.e. the very things required of them by those who wish them to continue in a state of service. The confused perception of this truth inspires the bourgeoisie with that curious ill-humour they display towards every attempt at international agreement, in whatever form this may be presented by the governments. This ill-humour (they declare) arises from the fact that they consider it simple-minded and imprudent to believe in the extinction of national hatreds. At bottom, it arises from the fact that _they do not want this extinction to occur_. They know that the maintenance of these hatreds will cost the lives of their children, but they do not hesitate to make the sacrifice, if by doing so they retain possession of their property[173] and their power over their servants. Here is a grandeur of egotism which is perhaps insufficiently appreciated. Note D (Page 28) _On the attitude of the modern Catholics towards Catholicism when it is in opposition to their nationalism._ A good example is the attitude of the German Catholics in the past twenty years. It has been described with all desirable detail by M. Edmond Bloud in his great study: _Le nouveau Centre et le catholicisme_.[174] It will be seen that it strangely resembles the attitude of many a non-German Catholic.