As for the Goths, after they had defeated and slain one emperor, they were given lands and temporarily subdued by Theodosius the Great, the last ruler to hold the entire Roman domain. In 395 Theodosius, dying, divided his possessions, quite like a hereditary monarch, between his two sons, both mere boys.[18] To the elder he gave Constantinople and the East, to the younger Rome and the West. So instead of one kingdom there were two. Partly through its own disorganization, partly from the pressure of the barbarians, the Roman world had burst and fallen into halves. These proved two very helpless and feeble halves in the hands of their boy rulers; and the eager Teutons, finding themselves no longer withheld, began that remarkable series of plundering invasions by which they overwhelmed the ancient world. [FOR THE NEXT SECTION OF THIS GENERAL SURVEY SEE VOLUME IV.] FOOTNOTES: [1] See _Destruction of Pompeii_, page 207. [2] See _Germanicus in Germany_, page 1. [3] See _Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem_, page 150. [4] See _Jews' Last Struggle for Freedom_, page 222. [5] See _The Crucifixion_, page 23. [6] See _Rise and Spread of Christianity_, page 40. [7] See _Burning of Rome under Nero_, page 108. [8] See _Persecution of the Christians under Nero_, page 134. [9] See _Martyrdom of Polycarp and Justin Martyr_, page 231. [10] See _Persecutions of Christians in Gaul_, page 246. [11] See _Beginning of Rome's Decline_, page 263. [12] See _Eventful Reign of Sapor I, King of Persia_, page 277. [13] See _Conversion of Constantine_, page 289. [14] See _First Nicene Council_, page 297. [15] See _Foundation of Constantinople_, page 320. [16] See _Julian the Apostate_, page 333. [17] See _The Huns and Their Western Migration_, page 352. [18] See _Final Division of the Roman Empire_, page 364. GERMANICUS IN GERMANY A.D. 13-16 TACITUS When the Germans first became known to the Romans--about B.C. 112--they showed themselves as warlike tribes along the northern borders of Italy and in various parts of Gaul, where Cæsar afterward had frequent encounters with them, driving them across the Rhine into their own country. But Cæsar's knowledge of them was confined to those tribes whose dwellings were near the Rhine, beyond which he did not pursue them. Augustus fortified against the Germans along the Rhine, and Drusus, his step-son, took command against them, defeating them in several expeditions (B.C. 13-9). As a reward, he received for himself and his posterity the surname of Germanicus, conqueror of Germany. He died at the age of thirty.