The Great Musicians: PurcellCummings, William Hayman
History
The Great Musicians: Purcell
Cummings, William Hayman
Purcell, Henry, 1659-1695
During these early years Purcell had already put forth specimens of his
talent for musical composition. In 1667 Playford published a little
three-part song entitled, "Sweet Tyraness, I now resign," which Dr.
Burney has included in his history under the supposition that it was
composed by Purcell's father; but there is reason to believe that it
was the composition of the boy who, at the date of publication, was
nine years of age. Possibly the music was originally intended as an
air or song for a single voice, as we find it published in this form
in 1678, in a work called _New Ayres and Dialogues_. This collection
contained five other songs by Henry Purcell.
When Purcell was eleven years old, he essayed his powers in the
composition of music for a piece called "The Address of the Children
of the Chapel Royal to the King, and their Master, Captain Cooke, on
his Majesties Birthday, A.D. 1670, composed by Master Purcell, one of
the Children of the said Chapel."[13] It is also probable that in this
youthful time Purcell composed the music to _Macbeth_, now commonly
associated with the name of Matthew Locke. That the latter did compose
music for _Macbeth_ is certain, as some of it is still in existence,
but it does not bear the slightest resemblance to that popularly known
as his. In favour of Purcell, it may be noted that the _Macbeth_ music
has many Purcell-like touches; that a copy of the score in Purcell's
youthful hand is in existence;[14] that many old MS. copies of the
music have his name attached as composer; and that he was entitled to
the credit of it was believed by Dr. William Hayes, Dr. Philip Hayes,
Dr. Arnold, and many other eminent musicians.
The music itself is clearly an elaboration and development of a series
of short movements composed by Robert Johnson for Middleton's play of
_The Witch_.[15]
It must not be forgotten that many of Purcell's anthems now in use
in our cathedrals were the product of his youthful pen and genius
whilst he was still a pupil of Cooke. Captain Cooke, the soldier
musician, died, as previously stated, in 1672, and was succeeded in
his appointment as "Master of the Children of the Chapel" by one whose
nature, genius, and scientific knowledge of music must have stimulated
and excited in a special manner the dawning powers of the youthful
musical company committed to his charge, and the force of whose example
must have proved of the greatest service to Purcell. This man was
Pelham Humphreys;[16] he had been educated in the Chapel Royal under
Captain Cooke, where his abilities and his personal attractions made
a strong impression on Charles II. In Nov., 1663, Pepys made the
following entry in his Diary: "The anthem was good after sermon, being
the fifty-first psalme, made for five voices, by one of Captain Cooke's
boys--a pretty boy. And they say there are four or five of them that
can do as much. And here I first perceived that the king is musicall,
and kept good time with his hand all along the anthem."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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