The Great Musicians: PurcellCummings, William Hayman
History
The Great Musicians: Purcell
Cummings, William Hayman
Purcell, Henry, 1659-1695
Queen Mary died on the 28th of December, 1694, and Purcell composed
the music for her funeral, which took place the 5th of March following
(1695), in Westminster Abbey. Purcell composed two anthems, to the
words, "Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord," and "Thou knowest,
Lord, the secrets of our hearts." Contemporary records speak in
affecting terms of the solemnity of the occasion;--"the day was dark
and troubled, and a few ghastly plumes of snow fell on the black
plumes of the funeral car." The procession was attended by the two
Houses of Parliament with their maces, "the Lords robed in scarlet
and ermine, and the Commons in long black mantles;" the banners of
England and France, Scotland and Ireland, were borne before the corpse.
On the gorgeous coffin of purple and gold were laid the crown and
sceptre of the realm. Inside the Abbey, the whole of the church, nave,
choir, and transepts were all ablaze with innumerable waxlights; and
a little robin-redbreast, who had found refuge from the inclement
weather, constantly flew down and perched on the hearse, seeming to
the spectators as if he, too, mourned for the Queen who had been so
loved and was now so lamented. Of Purcell's music, Dr. Tudway, one of
the choir on this occasion, says: "The anthem, 'Blessed is the man,'
was composed after the old way, and was sung at the interment of Queen
Mary in Westminster Abbey; a great Queen and extremely lamented, being
there to be interred, everybody present was disposed and serious at so
solemn a service, as indeed they ought to be at all parts of Divine
worship. I appeal to all that were present, as well such as understood
music, as those that did not, whether they ever heard anything so
rapturously fine, and solemn, and so heavenly in the operation, which
drew tears from all; and yet a plain natural composition, which shows
the power of music, when 'tis rightly fitted and adapted to devotional
purposes." The second anthem, "Thou knowest, Lord, the secrets of
our hearts," Dr. Tudway says, "was accompanied by flat, mournful
trumpets." This majestic movement is a splendid monument to the memory
of Purcell. It has been used at every choral funeral in Westminster
Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral since its first production. Dr. Croft,
who subsequently set the "Burial Office" to music, refrained from
composing to these words, on the ground that the music of Purcell
was unapproachable, and adds, that in composing his own music he had
endeavoured, as near as possible, to "imitate that great master and
celebrated composer, whose name will for ever stand high in the rank
of those who have laboured to improve the English style, in his so
happily adapting his compositions to English words in that elegant and
judicious manner, as was unknown to many of his predecessors."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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