The Great Steel Strike and its LessonsFoster, William Z.
History
The Great Steel Strike and its Lessons
Foster, William Z.
Steel Strike, U.S., 1919-1920; United States Steel Corporation
As the various foreign groups tend strongly to colonize in certain
districts, the basic languages spoken in a given plant, regardless of
how many nationalities work therein, ordinarily number not more than
four or five, including always English, usually a couple of the Slavic
tongues (Slavish, Polish, Russian, Croatian, Lithuanian, Serbian, etc.),
often Hungarian, and occasionally Italian, Roumanian or Greek. For
example, among the fifty-four nationalities in the big Homestead plants,
the principal languages spoken are, in the order of their numerical
importance, English, Slavish, Russian, Hungarian and Polish. Move these
predominate language groups and you move the whole working force; that
was the system in the steel campaign. Seldom was a piece of literature
issued, even for national circulation, with as many as six languages
upon it; the vitally important strike call had but seven, while four was
the customary number.
About twenty-five organizers who spoke these predominating languages
were put in the field. Great care was taken by the A. F. of L., National
Committee and co-operating unions to select reliable, level-headed men
of influence and standing among their respective peoples, men who could
be depended upon to go along with the general program, and not to work
upon some destructive side-issue of their own. Besides, efforts were
made to take every possible advantage of the fact that practically all
the foreign workers have some slight smattering of English. Accordingly,
the English-speaking organizers were coached to get rid of all
trade-union technical expressions and to confine their talks to
fundamentals; to speak slowly, distinctly, and in the simplest, even
"pidjinized" terms, to illustrate the whole with sign language, and to
follow out a system of repetition and restatement that was bound to make
their meaning plain to the most unknowing. Such talks, while not
calculated to stir the emotions, made clear the situation and were
greatly appreciated by the foreigners, thousands of whom, during the
steel campaign, for the first time felt the pleasure and encouragement
of understanding the despairingly difficult English spoken from a
platform. The steel workers' meetings were schools in practical
Americanization.[21]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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