Austria, 144, 214 _et seq._ Avars, 143 Avebury, 98 Bagdad, Caliphs at, 74, 75 Baldwin, Eastern Emperor, 167 Bannockburn, battle at, 184 Barbarians, the, 8, 17 _et seq._ Basques, the, 38 Belisarius, 44, 47, 49, 53 Berbers, 68, 73 Birmingham, 114 Black Death, the, 185 Boadicea, 38 Boccaccio, 192, 229 Bosworth Field, battle at, 202 Britain, 2 _et passim_ Bruce, Robert, 184 Brythons, 3 Burgundi, 49, 53 Burgundy, boundaries of, 160 Burgundy, Duke of, 160; murdered, 200 Byzantium, 2 _et passim_ Cade, Jack, 201 Cærleon, 11 Cæsar, Julius, 2 Cæsars, the two, 24 Caliphs, the, 71 Canterbury, a great city, 112 Canute, 121 Cape of Good Hope, 226 Capets, the, 128 Carthage, 35 Castile, kingdom of, 177 Caxton, 229 Chapmen, the, 111 Charlemagne, 52, 64, 77, 90 _et passim_ Charles Martel, 87 Charles the Bold, 204 Chaucer, 192, 229 Chester, 11 Church, the, its power, 129 _et passim_; its growing wealth, 130, 131; its favour to Crusades, 131; its increasing strength, 169; evils in the, 172 Celts, the, 3 _et passim_ Ceorls, 20, 107 _et seq._ Cid Campeador, the, 133 Cimabue, 230 Claudius, 3 Clientes, 82 Clovis, 49, 80 Colchester, 5 College of Cardinals, 153 Colonna, the, 166 Columbus, 180, 227 Comitatus, 82 Common land, 107 Constantine, the Great, 25; donation of, 65, 152 Constantinople, 25 _et passim_; taken by Crusaders, 167; taken by Turks, 221. Cordova, Moorish capital, 177; taken by Ferdinand III., 177 Counts, the, 81 Cracow, capital of Poland, 213 Crécy, battle at, 185 Crusades, 131 _et seq._ Curia, the, 89 Dacia, 8, 28 Dante, 192, 228 Danegeld, the, 120 _et seq._ Danes, the, 64, 111, 118 _et seq._ Days of the week, 41 Decius, 15, 28 Diocletian, 24 Domesday Book, 96 Druids, their religion, 41 Dukes of duchies, 88 Earls of the shires, 117 Edward IV., 203, 204 Edward the Black Prince, 180 Egbert, 94, 112 Empire, the divided, 22 _et seq._ England, 39 _et passim_ English, the, 3, 17 Eorls, 20, 108 _et seq._ Ethelred, 121 Everlasting League, the, 215 Excommunication, its effect, 168 Farmers in England, 186 Ferdinand and Isabella, 180 Feudal System, the, 82 _et seq._ France, kingdom of, 126 Frankish clergy, their value, 78 Franks, the, 14, 33, 37 _et passim_; the Ripuarian, 80; the Salian, 80 Frederick II., 168 Frisians, the, 63 Gallic Empire, the, 15 Game laws of Canute, 147 Gaul, 2, 3, 14 Gauls, 8 Genoa, 166 Germans, 26 _et passim_ Germany, kingdom of, 126 Ghibelline, 165 Ghirlandajo, 230 Goidels, the, 4 Gothic arch, 100, 190; architecture, 191; furniture, 102; house, how built, 100 Goths, 15 _et passim_ Granada, Moorish kingdom, 179 Guelph, 165 Gunpowder, 203 Habsburgs, the, 214 _et seq._ Hadrian, 6, 10 Harold, 122 _et seq._ Henry II., 149 Henry III., 182 Henry IV., 197 Henry V., 197, 199 Henry VII., 202 Heptarchy, the, 92 Holy Island, 42, 62 Homage, 135 Hundred Court, the, 93 Hundred Years' War, the, 184 Hungary, 143, 144 _et passim_