Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
The whole of the description from which the foregoing passage is taken is
an obvious caricature, and its chief value is to show that Demosthenes,
if circumstances had not made him a statesman, might have been a
successful writer of mediocre comedy; but it seems to point to the fact
that Aeschines’ parents were in humble circumstances, that he himself
had a hard life as a boy, and did not enjoy the usual opportunities of
obtaining the kind of education desirable for a statesman.[223] After
this, at an age when other aspirants to public life would have been
studying under teachers of rhetoric, he was forced to earn his living.
He was first clerk to some minor officials, then an actor—according to
Demosthenes he played small parts in an inferior company, and lived
chiefly on the figs and olives with which the spectators pelted him.[224]
He also served as a hoplite, and, by his own account, distinguished
himself at Mantinea and Tamynae. In 357 B.C. he obtained political
employment, first under Aristophon of Azenia, then under Eubulus, and
later we find him acting as clerk of the ecclesia.
He married into a respectable family about 350 B.C., and in 348 B.C. he
first appears in a position of public trust, being appointed a member
of the embassy to Megalopolis in Arcadia. On this occasion he went out
admittedly as an opponent of Philip, but came back a partisan of peace.
The reasons for this change of view will be discussed later. His own
explanation, that he realized war to be impracticable, is reasonable
in itself.[225] Two years later he was associated with Demosthenes in
the famous embassies to Philip, which, after serious delays, resulted
in the unsatisfactory peace of Philocrates. The peace was pronounced by
Demosthenes to be unworthy of Athens,[226] though he urged that, good
or bad, it must be upheld; and besides uttering insinuations against
the conduct of Aeschines as an ambassador, he prepared to prosecute him
for betraying his trust by taking bribes from Philip. He associated
with himself as a prosecutor one Timarchus. Aeschines prepared a
counter-stroke. He prosecuted Timarchus on the ground that he was a
person of notorious immorality, and, as such, debarred from speaking
in public. Timarchus appears to have been found guilty. In 343 B.C.
Demosthenes brought the action in which his speech _de Falsa Legatione_
and that of Aeschines bearing the same title were delivered, and
Aeschines was acquitted by the rather small majority of thirty votes. In
the next year Aeschines prepared for reprisals, but when on the point of
impeaching Demosthenes he in his turn was thwarted by a counter-move on
his rival’s part.[227]
In 339 B.C. Aeschines was a _pylagorus_ at the Amphictyonic Council, and
an inflammatory speech which he made there led to the outbreak of the
Sacred War.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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