Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
The speeches before the assembly are naturally different in their endings
from the judicial speeches; there is no criminal to attack, and no crime
to stigmatize; the hearers themselves are, as it were, on their defence,
and Demosthenes freely points out their faults, but, as has been noticed,
individual opponents escape; if there have been evil counsellors, the
responsibility for following bad advice rests with the public, and they
can only be exhorted to follow a better course. The speeches on the
_Symmories_ and on _Megalopolis_ end with a summary of the speaker’s
advice. So, too, does that _On the Freedom of Rhodes_, the last words
containing a fine appeal to the lesson of antiquity. ‘Consider that your
forefathers dedicated these trophies not in order that you might gaze in
admiration upon them, but in the hope that you might imitate the virtues
of those who dedicated them.’
Several of the speeches dealing with the Macedonian question end with a
short prayer for guidance: thus, the _First Philippic_, ‘May that counsel
prevail which is likely to be to the advantage of all’; the _First
Olynthiac_, ‘May your decision be a sound one, for all your sakes’; the
_Third Philippic_, ‘Whatever you decide, I pray to heaven it may be to
your advantage’; the _Third Olynthiac_, ‘I have told you what I think is
to your advantage, and I pray that you may choose what is likely to be of
advantage to the State and all yourselves.’
Sometimes there is a greater show of confidence, as in the _Second
Olynthiac_: ‘If you act thus, you will not only commend your present
counsellor, but you will have cause to commend your own conduct later
on, when you find a general improvement in your prospects.’
The _Second Philippic_ ends with a prayer rather similar to that in the
_de Corona_, though less emphatic; the speech _On the Chersonese_ with a
reproof and a warning.[379] _The Peace_ contains no epilogue at all, but
breaks off with a sarcasm.
* * * * *
An indication of the nature of the subjects of the genuine speeches may
be useful for reference. They may be taken in their three groups: A.
Private, B. Public, C. Deliberative speeches.
A.—SPEECHES IN PRIVATE CAUSES
_Against Aphobus_, i. and ii., 363 B.C., delivered in the action which
Demosthenes brought against his guardian for the recovery of his property.
_For Phanos against Aphobus_, 363 B.C. Aphobus, convicted in the former
case, accused a witness, Phanos, of perjury: Demosthenes defends the
latter.
_Against Onetor_, i. and ii., 362 B.C. Another case arising out of the
guardianship. When Aphobus was convicted it was found that he had made
over some of the property to his father-in-law Onetor, against whom
Demosthenes was forced to bring a δίκη ἐξούλης.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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