Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
Dinarchus, the last of the ten orators of the Alexandrian Canon, was
a Corinthian by birth. He lived as a _metoecus_ at Athens, but never
obtained the citizenship, and was therefore unable to appear in the
courts or the assembly. He was born about 360 B.C.; on coming to Athens
he is said to have studied under Theophrastus, and he began to write
speeches, as a professional _logographos_, about 336 B.C. He did not
come into prominence till about the time of the affair of Harpalus, and
his most flourishing period was after the death of Alexander, under the
oligarchic constitution set up by Cassander. During these fifteen years,
322-307 B.C., he composed a large number of speeches. In 307 B.C. the
democratic restoration threatened danger to all who had flourished under
the oligarchy, and he retired to Chalcis in Euboea, where he lived for
fifteen years.[472] He returned to Athens in 292 B.C. and stayed for a
time with one Proxenos, who, taking advantage of his age and infirmity,
robbed him of a large sum of money. He brought his host to justice, and,
according to Dionysius and other biographers, himself spoke in court for
the first time. We know nothing of the result of the case, and have no
information of the rest of the life of Dinarchus or his death.[473]
Dinarchus wrote, according to Demetrius Magnes,[474] over a hundred and
sixty speeches. Many of these were rejected by Dionysius, who, however,
admits the authenticity of a sufficiently large number—sixty out of
eighty-seven which he knew.[475] Three only have come down to us, and the
authenticity of the longest of these—_Against Demosthenes_—was questioned
by Demetrius. We shall, however, treat it as genuine, since in style and
subject-matter it is very similar to the others. The three speeches,
_Against Demosthenes_, _Aristogiton_, and _Philocles_, all relate to
the affair of Harpalus. The corruption connected with this affair was
so deep-rooted that it was necessary above all to find men of upright
character to conduct the prosecutions, and these would not be well-known
orators, since most of the prominent politicians were implicated as
defendants in the case. It is hardly remarkable, therefore, that
professional speech-writers should be employed or that one writer should
compose speeches to be delivered in three of the many prosecutions.
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