Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
In the introduction of these devices, however, he shows some skill. The
speech on the murder of Herodes is quite subtle in places. Compliments
are paid to the jury, but the flattery is not too open. It is sometimes
achieved rather by suggestion than by statement. ‘Not that I wished to
avoid a trial by your democracy,’ says the defendant; and again, ‘Of
course I could trust you quite without considering the oath you have
taken’; or once more, in parenthesis, ‘On the supposition that I had no
objection to quitting this land for ever, I might have left the country.’
Here, and in other cases, there is little more than a hint which an
intelligent juror may grasp.
The most prominent of all the topics used by Antiphon is the appeal to
the divine law by which guile meets with punishment; the murdered man,
if unavenged by human justice, will find divine champions who will not
only bring the homicide to book, but will punish the guilty city which
has become polluted by harbouring him. So much stress is laid upon
this conception of divine justice that some writers have believed that
Antiphon held firm religious views which he thus expressed. This opinion
may reasonably be held, but it must not be pressed. We know from external
sources that Antiphon was not in sympathy with the existing government,
yet the speakers of his orations express or imply admiration for the
democracy; the speech-writer, in fact, wrote what he thought would be
acceptable to the judges rather than what he himself believed. Arguing,
in Antiphon’s own way, from probabilities, we may say it is more likely
that a highly educated contemporary of Anaxagoras and Pericles should in
private life profess a moderate scepticism than an unquestioning belief
in the sort of curse that destroyed the house of Atreus, even though
Antiphon may be Aeschylean in style.
The argument of the defendant in the _Herodes_, ‘Those who have sailed
with me have made excellent voyages, and sacrifices at which I have
assisted have been most favourably performed, and this is a strong
argument for my innocence,’ does not appeal to us, who do not believe
in the accidental blood-guiltiness of the community which unknowingly
harbours a guilty individual. It may or may not have had some weight
with Antiphon himself, but it certainly would have some influence on the
common people of Athens, who believed that the whole city was polluted
by the sacrilege of the mutilation of the Hermae. The fact that it must
impress the jury was a good reason for inserting it, whether Antiphon had
any religious feeling or not.[62]
§ 6
It remains to consider Antiphon’s manner in the treatment of his
subjects.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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