Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
With regard, then, to the purity of language, Isaeus, though surpassed
by Lysias and Isocrates, is not far behind them. He is on a level with
Lysias also in clearness and accuracy of thought, and in what Dionysius
calls ἐνάργεια, vividness of presentation. But in the structure of
sentences some differences between these two must be noted. Lysias, as
has already been stated, varied his structure considerably according to
the subjects of his speeches, the succession of periods being broken by
the introduction of a freer style; but at the same time he had a love of
antithesis to which sacrifices had sometimes to be made.
Isaeus is free from this straining after antithesis, and is hardly
bound at all by scholastic rules. We cannot truly say that his style
is non-periodic, for formal periods are to be met with; but a marked
characteristic of his style is his skill in the use of short sentences,
often abrupt, nearly always vigorous. In argumentative passages
especially, he uses the form of imaginary question and answer; in
narrative he sometimes gives us a series of short sentences, connected
in thought, but not formally bound together. He has the appearance of
composing negligently, but from his effectiveness we conclude that the
negligence was studied. The following passages illustrate these styles:
‘Eupolis, Thrasyllus, and Mneson were brothers from the same
two parents. Their father left them a considerable property, so
that they were eligible for the performance of public services.
This the three divided amongst them. Of these brothers, two
died about the same time,’ etc.[166]
The speech about Ciron’s inheritance contains the best example of
argument by question and answer:
‘On what ground should a statement be believed? Should we not
say, on the ground of the evidence? I fancy so. And on what
ground should we believe witnesses? From the fact that they
have been tortured? Naturally. And on what grounds should we
disbelieve the statements of the plaintiffs? Because they
shrink from this test? Most certainly.’[167]
A third quotation gives a good example of the purely ornamental use of
the rhetorical question; it is precious as showing us that Isaeus was on
occasion capable of applying a lighter touch. He is so coldly logical as
a rule that we turn with relief to any exhibition of ordinary feeling:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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