Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
An anecdote of these two rhetoricians further indicates the slipperiness
of the ground on which they walked.[31] Tisias took lessons from Corax
on condition that he should pay the fee only if he won his first case in
court. After some lapse of time Corax grew impatient for his money, and
finally brought an action—the first case, as it happened, on which Tisias
was ever engaged. Corax asserted, ‘If I win the case, I get my money by
the verdict; if I lose it, I claim payment by our contract.’ ‘No,’ said
Tisias, ‘if I win, I don’t pay, and if I lose I don’t pay.’ The court
dismissed the case with the remark, ‘A bad _crow_ lays bad eggs’;[32]
and this was obviously to the advantage of the younger man, who had nine
points of the law on his side.
Though no writings of either are preserved, we can form an idea of
their methods. They were wholly immoral or non-moral, and perversely
sophistical. The plausible was preferred to the true, and the one
object was to win the case. Their method of teaching was, according to
Aristotle, ‘quick but unscientific,’[33] and consisted of making the
pupil learn by heart a large number of ‘commonplace’ topics and standard
arguments suitable to all kinds of legal processes. They do not appear to
have paid any attention to style on the literary side.
§ 6
Gorgias of Leontini, a contemporary of Protagoras, started out, like the
Sophist, from the position that nothing can be known, and the pursuit
of philosophy is a ploughing of the sand. He is said to have been a
pupil of Tisias, and occupies a place between the early rhetoricians
and the Sophists usually so-called. Like the former, he studied and
taught oratory, but whereas they were only concerned with the struggle
for mastery in debate, he entertained, like Protagoras, a broad view
of education, and, while continuing to regard rhetoric as the art of
persuasion,[34] attached more attention to the artistic side than any
other educator had done. He became the first conscious artist in prose
style.
Like the other Sophists he travelled from town to town giving displays
of his art, and gained riches which he spent freely.[35] In 427 B.C. he
came to Athens as an ambassador from his native city,[36] and produced
a remarkable impression on his hearers, not only the multitude before
whom he spoke, but the highly educated class who could appreciate his
technique. Thucydides owed something to him, and the poet Antiphon showed
traces of his influence.[37] We hear of his sojourn at Larissa, where
the Thessalians, in admiration, coined from his name the word which
Philostratus uses to express his exuberant style.[38]
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