[121] Dörpfeld claims that the name was given because the speakers stood there in addressing the public assemblies and that the same place was known as the _theologium_ when used by divinities; cf. _Athenische Mittheilungen_, XXIII (1898), 348 f., and XXVIII (1903), 395, and _Jahrbuch d. arch. Instituts, Anzeiger_, XXX (1915), 98. Reisch thought that logium was the name of some kind of special structure in the orchestra; cf. _Das griechische Theater_, p. 302. Inscriptions prove the presence of a logium in the Delian theater in 279 B.C. (εἰς τὸ λογεῖον τῆς σκηνῆς) and 180 B.C. (τὴν κατασκευὴν τῶν πινάκων τῶν ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον); cf. Homolle, _Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique_, XVIII (1894), 162 and 165, and Robinson, _American Journal of Philology_, XXV (1904), 191; but they do not make its nature clear. Personally I am of the opinion that at Athens speakers always stood in the orchestra to address the public assemblies until the building of the Nero stage about 67 A.D.; cf. Flickinger, _Plutarch as a Source of Information on the Greek Theater_ (1904), p. 55, and see p. 102, below. My present view, therefore, is that logium suffered a change of meaning, being first applied to the top of the proscenium and being used for elevated action of various kinds, as explained in the text, and afterward being applied to the stage as the place of actors and public speakers. In either case, it referred to the same general part of the theater, viz., an elevated platform in front of the scene-building. But the original application of this term is one of the most perplexing problems in connection with scenic antiquities, and it is earnestly to be hoped that additional evidence may be brought to light which will unmistakably reveal its earlier history. The word does not appear in literature until Roman times (thrice in Plutarch), but then indisputably means “stage.” See next paragraph in text. [122] “Theater” (θέατρον) is derived from θεᾶσθαι, to “see,” and was originally applied to the space occupied by the spectators. The wider meaning was a natural but later development. It is customary to employ the Latin term _cavea_ (“an excavated place”) to express the narrower meaning. [123] Fig. 24 is taken from Wilberg’s drawing, simplified by the omission of numerous details, in _Forschungen in Ephesos_, II, Fig. 96. I am responsible for the addition of the names. [124] That this platform (or rather its equivalent in purely Roman theaters) might be conventionally regarded as the roof of the scene-building appears from Seneca _Medea_, vs. 973 (Medea speaking): “excelsa nostrae tecta conscendam domus,” and vs. 995 (Jason speaking): “en ipsa tecti parte praecipiti imminet.” [125] The word occurs only in Pollux, _Onomasticon_, IV, § 127. [126] Dörpfeld applies the term to the first story of the purely Greek (stageless) theater (see p. 100, below).