The Greek View of LifeDickinson, G. Lowes (Goldsworthy Lowes)
Religion
The Greek View of Life
Dickinson, G. Lowes (Goldsworthy Lowes)
Greece -- Civilization
The same view is reflected in the speculations of political
philosophers. Plato, indeed, in his Republic, goes so far as to
eliminate the family relation altogether. Not only is the whole
connection between men and women to be regulated by the State, in
respect both of the persons and of the limit of age within which they
may associate, but the children as soon as they are born are to be
carried off to a common nursery, there to be reared together,
undistinguished by the mothers, who will suckle indifferently any infant
that might happen to be assigned to them for the purpose. Here, as in
other instances, Plato goes far beyond the limits set by the current
sentiment of the Greeks, and in his later work is reluctantly
constrained to abandon his scheme of community of wives and children.
Yet even there he makes it compulsory on every man to marry between the
ages of thirty and thirty-five, under penalty of fine and civil
disabilities. Plato, no doubt, as we have said, exaggerates the opinions
of his time; but the view, which he pushes to its extreme, of the
subordination of the family to the State, was one, as we have already
pointed out, which did predominate in Greece. It reappears in a soberer
form in the treatise of Aristotle. He too would regulate by law both the
age at which marriages should take place and the number of children that
should be produced, and would have all deformed infants exposed. And
here, no doubt, he is speaking in conformity if not with the practice,
at least with the feeling of Greece. The modern conception that the
marriage relation is a matter of private concern, and that any
individual has a right to wed whom and when he will, and to produce
children at his own discretion, regardless of all considerations of
health and decency, was one altogether alien to the Greeks. In theory at
least, and to some extent in practice (as for example in the case of
Sparta), they recognised that the production of children was a business
of supreme import to the State, and that it was right and proper that it
should be regulated by law with a view to the advantage of the whole
community.
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Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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