The Grey Friars in OxfordLittle, A. G. (Andrew George)
History
The Grey Friars in Oxford
Little, A. G. (Andrew George)
Franciscans -- Great Britain
Many of the questions discussed at vesperies, inceptions, and other
disputations at Oxford at the end of the thirteenth century--probably in
the convent of the Minorites--are preserved in a manuscript at
Assisi[326]. The question on which Friar Hugh of Hertepol disputed at the
vesperies of Friar John de Persole was: _An Christus in primo instanti
potuit mereri perfectione_. Other questions of the same Friar Hugh were:
_An deus eadem ratione formali videatur trinus et unus_, _An incarnacio
sit possibilis_. The following are also among the questions in the same
volume: _Utrum deus sit infinite potencie_, _Utrum virgo concepit sine
semine_, _An intellectus sit forma corporis_, _An deus sit in omnibus
rebus_, _An omnes beati equaliter participant beatitudine_, _An ratio
ymaginis est in actuali visione dei_.
We may next enquire how far the statutable requirements as to the period
of study were carried out: the only evidence obtainable is from the
registers, which begin about 1450. The statutes, as we have seen, required
that a religious should have studied Arts (i.e. philosophy) and Theology
for fourteen years before opponency. The periods mentioned in the
supplications vary from sixteen to eight years, the most usual number of
years being twelve. Before inception, six more years of study were
demanded, i.e. twenty in all. The period in the supplications varies from
fourteen to twenty years; the usual number is eighteen. There is however
reason to believe that these figures are not very exact. We have no means
of checking them with regard to opponency, and the University was probably
in the same position. But it frequently happened, that a friar, who had
been admitted to oppose on the ground of having studied ‘logic, philosophy
and theology’ for twelve years, supplicated two years later or less for
grace to incept on the plea that he had studied the same subjects for
eighteen years[327].
The expenses at inception were very heavy. The _religiosi_ wore their
usual habit[328], and Mendicants were exempted from the payment of
‘commons’ to the University[329]. Further, when several inmates of the
same convent incepted on the same day, the charges (fees to the bedells
and others?) were the same as for one inceptor[330]. But these details did
not touch the largest expenses. According to ancient custom, every
inceptor on the day of his inception feasted the Regent Masters
(apparently of all faculties)[331], and Wiclif inveighs against the
Mendicant Doctors for their
‘great gifts and making of huge feasts of a hundred and many hundred
pounds[332].’
Friar William Woodford, Wiclif’s contemporary, started from London to take
his D.D. with £40 in his purse[333].
Attempts were made to curtail the expenses of the friars. In his
constitutions for the reformation of the Franciscan Order in 1336, Pope
Benedict XII decreed[334], that
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