CHAPTER III. FRANCISCAN SCHOOLS AT OXFORD. Learning necessary to the Friars 29 The first readers or lectors to the Franciscans at Oxford 30 Nature of the office of lector, as understood by Grostete and Adam Marsh 31 The lector and his _socius_ 33 Later lectors were ordinary Regent Masters in Theology 34 Appointment to the office of lector 34 Special regulations concerning the lectors 36 System of instruction in theology recommended by Grostete 36 Lectures by the Friars 37 Controversy with the University about theological degrees in 1253 38 Controversy between the University and the Dominicans 39 Study of Arts (philosophy) before Theology, insisted on by the University 41 Roger Bacon on the need for some preliminary training for the Friars 42 Extortion of graces by external influence; ‘wax-doctors’ 42 Career of a student Minorite 43 On the numbers of Friars sent to Oxford 43 Course of study before ‘opposition’ 44 ‘Opposition’ and ‘Responsion’ 45 The degree of Bachelor of Divinity 46 Exercises before ‘Inception’ 47 ‘Vesperies’ and Inception 48 Questions disputed on these occasions in the thirteenth century 49 How far were the statutable requirements as to the period of study really carried out? 49 Expenses at Inception 50 Necessary Regency 52 Conditions on which dispensations were granted 52 Maintenance of Franciscan students at the University 53 What proportion took degrees 54 Relative numbers of the various Religious Orders at Oxford 54