English drama -- Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600 -- History and criticism; English drama -- To 1500 -- History and criticism
To illustrate at once the dramatic nature and the limitations of the
dialogue as it was afterwards developed we give below a translation of
part of one of these ceremonies, from a manuscript of the thirteenth
century. The whole is an elaborated _Quem quaeritis_, and the part
selected is that where Mary Magdalene approaches the Sepulchre for the
second time, lamenting the theft of her Lord's body. Two Angels sitting
within the tomb address her in song:
_Angels._ Woman, why weepest thou?
_Mary._ Because they have taken away my Lord,
And I know not where they have laid him.
_Angels._ Weep not, Mary; the Lord has risen.
Alleluia!
_Mary._ My heart is burning with desire
To see my Lord;
I seek but still I cannot find
Where they have laid him.
Alleluia!
[_Meanwhile a certain one disguised as a gardener draws near and
stands at the head of the sepulchre._]
_He._ Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou?
_Mary._ Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast
laid him, and I will take him away.
_He._ Mary!
_Mary_ [_throwing herself at his feet_]. Rabboni!
_He_ [_drawing back, as if to avoid her touch_]. Touch me not; for
I am not yet ascended to my Father and your Father, to my God and
your God.
At Christmas a performance similar to the _Quem quaeritis_ took place
to signify the birth of Jesus, the 'sepulchre' being modified to serve
for the Holy Infant's birthplace, and Shepherds instead of women being
signified by those who advanced towards it. The antiphon was in direct
imitation of the other, commencing '_Quem quaeritis in praesepe,
pastores?_' Another favourite representation at the same festival was
that of the Magi. The development of this is of interest. In its
simplest form, the three Magi (or Kings) advance straight up the church
to the altar, their eyes fixed on a small lamp (the Star) lit above it;
a member of the choir stationed there announces to them the birth of a
Saviour; they present their offerings and withdraw. In a more advanced
form the three Magi approach the altar separately from different
directions, are guided by a moving 'star' down the central aisle to an
altar to the Virgin, bestow their gifts there, fall asleep, are warned
by an Angel, and return to the choir by a side aisle. For this version
the service of song also is greatly enlarged. Another rendering of the
story adds to it the interview between the Magi and Herod; yet others
include a scene between Herod and his Councillors, and the announcement
to Herod of the Magi's departure; still another extends the subject to
include the Massacre of the Innocents. Finally the early Shepherd
episode is tacked on at the beginning, the result being a lengthy
performance setting forth in action the whole narrative of the birth and
infancy of Jesus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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