Pliers 58 Wing Dividers 58 CHAPTER VIII. TOOLS, ETC., AND HOW TO MAKE THEM 59 The Alcohol Lamp 59 A Self-blowing Lamp 61 Breech Wrenches 63 The Bit Stock 64 Bottoming Tools 65 Chequering Tools 66 Nipple Wrenches 67 Portable Forge 67 Vice Appendages 69 Shanks of Tools 72 CHAPTER IX. THE WORK BENCH 74 Material for the Work Bench 74 How to Make the Work Bench 75 Putting the Vise in Place 76 Place for Drawer 76 The Gun Brace 76 How to Deaden the Noise of Hammering 77 CHAPTER X. ON WORKING IN IRON 79 Hand Forging 79 Welding 79 Hardening Iron by Hammering 80 Case-hardening 81 A Good Way to Case-harden 82 Material for Case-hardening 84 Another Way to Case-harden 85 Another Formula for Case-hardening 86 Still Another Formula 87 To Chill Cast Iron 87 Another Mode 87 To Soften Wrought Iron 87 Alloy for Filling Holes in Iron 87 To Harden Iron for Polishing 88 CHAPTER XI.