The Haciendas of Mexico: An Artist's RecordBartlett, Paul Alexander
History
The Haciendas of Mexico: An Artist's Record
Bartlett, Paul Alexander
Bartlett, Paul Alexander, 1909-1990; Haciendas -- Mexico -- Pictorial works; Haciendas in art
Coffee, tea, wine, liquor, _horchata_
(a rice drink), _jamaica_ (a tropical drink),
chocolate.
Wine and liquor were both domestic and imported. Both local and
imported cheeses were served, as well as European delicacies like
caviar, marmalades, jellies, mints, nuts, and bon-bons.
After dinner, the siesta called for relaxation, comfortable chairs,
hammocks. A well-earned sense of ease took over. A few guests played
pool or billiards, bridge, rummy, pinochle. At dusk, croquet was a
favorite game. Some estates had a swimming pool or access to a river,
lake, or ocean playa.
[Illustration: Hacienda de Altillo, Coyoacán, D.F.: pastel of St.
Andrew.]
[Illustration: Hacienda de Xotla, Puebla: residence patio and oven.]
[Illustration: Hacienda Zapotitán, Jalisco: map on veranda of
residence.]
[Illustration: Hacienda de Buena Vista, Jalisco: 18th-century aqueduct.]
[Illustration: Hacienda de Zapotitán, Jalisco: remains of 1750
residence and mirador; white stuccoed masonry.]
At a Jesuit hacienda, a peasant who failed to attend Mass might be
lashed; but the average hacienda was lenient about attendance. At
evening Mass after a day's labor, the workers were glad to kneel or
squat: the hour was a humble reward. Hymns were sung. Someone played
the organ or piano.
Each chapel or church boasted an altar--a lace-covered table with paper
flowers or a rococo gilded carving, with _santos_ (saints) and angels
in the gray niches. The Virgin or saint was the focal point.
Stained-glass and onyx windows appeared in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. Marble and onyx sometimes replaced mesquite or
tiled floors. Some chapels and churches had pews, but in those without
furniture the workers knelt. As for the hacienda family, they sat on
cane chairs or worshipped behind a screened _coro_. There was a clear
distance between them and the "unwashed."
[Illustration: Hacienda de Dolores Noriatenco, Puebla: polychrome wood
statue, 16th-century, 5 feet tall.]
Most services were conducted in Latin, a language disliked by the
Indians because they considered it an affront to their integrity.
Spanish was a tribulation and Latin was another. When they memorized
songs in Latin or Spanish, they often mispronounced words intentionally.
[Illustration: Hacienda de Castamay, Campeche: 18th-century church.]
Crucifixes were evident in most places of worship. The figure of
Christ was sometimes pornographic in style, sometimes tragic. "Yerma,"
Federico Garcia Lorca's tragic evocation, was brought to life again and
again.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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