Solid shot from 350 yards and upwards; spherical case from 600 up to 1000 yards, although it may be used within the first range; and canister within 350 yards, or up to 400 against extended formations. 31. What number of rounds can be fired from a field gun in one minute? Two solid shot or spherical case, or three of canister. [Sidenote: 47]] 32. Why are more rounds of canister fired in a minute than of solid shot or spherical case? Because the latter are fired at greater distances than canister, and require the piece to be carefully aimed, thus requiring more time. 33. What is the smallest number of guns that may with safety be employed in the face of an enemy? Never less than two, in order to secure a continuous fire and mutual support. 34. Is the practice of employing field batteries against those of the enemy recommended? Only under peculiar circumstances; as for instance, when his troops are well covered and his guns exposed, or their fire very destructive. Their fire should be directed principally against columns of attack, and masses, or upon positions which are intended to be carried. 35. In what time could a battery come into action in the field? It could come into action and fire one round in 25 seconds, timing from the order “action front,” to the discharge of one piece. 36. Suppose cavalry to be advancing to attack infantry, and first observed at the distance of a mile, passing over the first half mile at a trot; the next quarter of a mile at the manœuvring gallop; and the remaining distance at an increased gallop, terminating with the charge; occupying altogether about six minutes: during the last 1500 yards of their advance how many rounds per piece might a battery fire in that time? Eleven rounds with effect, thus: From 1500 to 650 yards, 3' 32"—spherical case, 7 “ 650 to 350 “ 0' 48"—solid shot, 2 “ 350 to close quarters, 0' 34"—canister, 2 [Sidenote: 48]] 37. What number of rounds could a battery fire against infantry, supposing them to pass over 1500 yards in about 16¼ minutes? Thirty-six rounds with effect, viz: From 1500 to 650, quick step, 9' 45"—spher. case, 19 “ 650 to 350, “ 3' 50"—solid shot, 7 “ 350 to 100, “ 2' 30"—canister, 8 “ 100 to close { double quick } 0' 40"—can. 2 quarters {and the charge.} 38. Should the enemy attempt to force the passage of a river, what is the best position for artillery to oppose it? Wherever the best cross fire can be obtained in order to obstruct and harass him as much as possible, and if he has succeeded in passing over any portion of his troops, it should be directed against their formation. 39. When the enemy is making the passage of a river in retreat, where should your guns be posted? In such a position as to bear upon the batteries that cover the retreat, and also upon his bridges.