Solid shot; shells; spherical case, or shrapnel; canister; grape; grenades; stones; carcasses; light and fire balls. 2. What is a solid shot? A solid sphere of cast-iron, almost exclusively appropriated to guns. The gun derives it denomination from the weight of the shot, as 6-pr., 12-pr., &c. 3. What is a shell, and its use? A hollow sphere of cast-iron, containing powder, which is ignited by means of a fuze; when fired at troops, it should be prepared to burst over their heads, or, if the ground be favorable, to ricochet a little in front, and plunge into the column. When fired at works or buildings, it should explode after penetration. 4. What is spherical case, and what advantages does it possess? It is a shell much thinner than the ordinary shell, and filled with leaden bullets and a charge of powder sufficient to burst it, which is done by means of a fuze as with a common shell at any required distance. It is thus calculated to extend all the advantages of canister shot, to distances far beyond the reach of that projectile. It is fired both from guns and howitzers. [Sidenote: 91]] 5. What are canister shot? Cylindrical tin cases with iron heads, of calibre suitable for different pieces of ordnance, filled with cast-iron balls arranged in tiers; they are fired at ranges not exceeding 400 yards, but their most destructive effects are from 100 to 200 yards. 6. What are grape shot? A certain number of iron balls, usually nine, put together by means of two cast-iron plates, two rings, and one pin and nut. Each plate has on the inside three beds for the shot, of a depth equal to half the thickness of the plate, and of the form of a spherical segment, the curvature of which is the same as that of the shot. An iron pin riveted to the bottom iron plate, passes through the centre and also through the top plate, where the whole is secured by a nut and screw. =NOTE.=—The use of these shot for field pieces has been discontinued, canister answering the purpose of these shot. 7. How were the balls fixed in the old pattern? They were placed in tiers around an iron pin attached to an iron tompion at the bottom, and put into a canvas bag, and then quilted around with a strong cord. 8. What is a grenade? A shell thrown from the hand, or in baskets from the stone-mortar, and ignited as other shells by means of a fuze. 9. How many kinds of grenades are made use of? _Hand-grenades_ and _rampart-grenades_; six-pounder spherical case may be used for the former, and shells of any calibre for the latter. [Sidenote: 92]] 10. To what purposes are grenades applied? They are useful in the defense of works, the smaller, thrown by hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon the besiegers mounting a breach: the larger kinds are rolled over the parapet in a trough. 11. What is a carcass, and its use?