French and Dalmatian.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.900-0.916; optical rotation, usually dextro-rotatory, up to +15 deg., but may occasionally be laevo-rotatory, especially if stalks have been distilled with the leaves; ester, calculated as bornyl acetate, 1-6 per cent.; total borneol, 12-18 per cent.; usually soluble in 1-2 volumes of 82.5 per cent. alcohol. Spanish.--The properties of the Spanish oil are similar to the others, except that it is more frequently laevo-rotatory. Rosemary oil contains pinene, camphene, cineol, borneol, and camphor. _Sandalwood oil_, obtained by distillation of the wood of Santalum album (East Indian), Santalum cygnorum (West Australian), and Amyris balsamifera (West Indian). The oils obtained from these three different sources differ very considerably in value, the East Indian being by far the best. East Indian.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.975-0.980; optical rotation, -14 deg. to -20 deg.; refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.5045-1.5060; santalol, 92-97 per cent.; usually soluble in 4-6 volumes of 70 per cent. alcohol, though, an old oil occasionally is insoluble in 70 per cent. alcohol. West Australian.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.950-0.968; optical rotation, +5 deg. to +7 deg.; alcohols, calculated as santalol, 73-75 per cent.; insoluble in 70 per cent. alcohol, but readily dissolves in 1-2 volumes of 80 per cent. alcohol. West Indian.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.948-0.967; optical rotation, +13 deg. 30' to +30 deg.; insoluble in 70 per cent. alcohol. In addition to free santalol, the oil contains esters of santalol and santalal. _Sassafras oil_, distilled from the bark of Sassafras officinalis, and obtained chiefly from America. Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 1.06-1.08; optical rotation, +1 deg. 50' to +4 deg.; refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.524-1.532; soluble in, 6-10 volumes of 85 per cent. alcohol, frequently soluble in 10-15 volumes of 80 per cent. alcohol. The chief constituents are safrol, pinene, eugenol, camphor, and phellandrene. The removal of safrol, either intentionally or by accident, owing to cooling of the oil and consequent deposition of the safrol, is readily detected by the reduction of the specific gravity below 1.06. _Thyme oil, red and white_, distilled from the green or dried herb, Thymus vulgaris, both French and Spanish oils being met with. These oils are entirely different in character. French.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.91-0.933; slightly laevo-rotatory up to -4 deg., but usually too dark to observe; phenols, by absorption with 10 per cent. aqueous caustic potash, 25-55 per cent.; refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.490-1.500; soluble in 1-1.5 volumes of 80 per cent. alcohol. Spanish.--Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.955-0.966; optical rotation, slightly laevo-gyrate; phenols, 70-80 per cent.; refractive index at 20 deg. C.; 1.5088-1.5122; soluble in 2-3 volumes of 70 per cent. alcohol.