THE BAR (H. 3), which may be placed horizontally in any part of the field except in fesse or at the chief of the Shield, is about one-fifth of the field (or sometimes less) in depth. A single bar very rarely occurs in blazon. Examples:--_Or, two bars gu._,--for DE HARECOURT, No. 81: _Az., two bars dancettée or_,--for DE RIVERES: _Or, two bars gu., in chief three torteaux_,--for WAKE, No. 82. The Diminutive of the Bar is the _Barrulet_, one-half of its width. When they are disposed in couples, Barrulets are _Bars Gemelles_, these not being so deep as the barrulet: thus, No. 83,--for DE HUNTERCUMBE,--_Erm., two bars gemelles gu._ (H. 3). A Fesse or Bar, when placed between two similar figures narrower than barrulets, is said to be _cotised_ by them; or, to be “doubly cotised,” when placed between two bars gemelles: thus, for DE LA MERE, No. 84,--_Or, a fesse doubly cotised_ (or, _between two bars gemelles_) _az._ (E. 2). An _even_ number of bars alternately of a metal (or a fur) and a colour form the varied field which is to be blazoned “_barry_,” the number of the bars in every case to be specified--as, “_barry of six_,” “_barry of eight_,” &c. If the number of bars exceeds _eight_ (some writers say _ten_), it is “_barrulée_” or “_barruly_”; and in this case it is not necessary that the number of the bars should be specified, the word _barrulée_ being used alone, or the expression “_barrulée sans nombre_” to denote a considerable number, but not a fixed number of bars--the number, however, always to be _even_. But this is a modern refinement of blazon to which little if any attention was paid in early days. It is to be observed that while the bars, whatever their number, if they are blazoned as bars, are to be treated as if they were executed in relief upon the field of a Shield, a Shield that is barry or barrulée has its field formed by bars which are all in the same plane. Examples:--_Barry of six or and gu._, for FITZ ALAN of Bedale, No. 85: _Barry of six arg. and az._, for DE GREY: _Barry of eight or and az._,--for DE PENBRUGGE (all H. 3): _Barrulée arg. and az., an orle of martlets gu._,--for DE VALENCE, Earl of PEMBROKE, No. 86; in this example _ten_ bars are represented, but in the noble enamelled shield of the first De Valence (A.D. 1296) preserved in Westminster Abbey, the bars are _twenty-eight_ in number. Charges, not “in fesse” or “in chief,” that are disposed horizontally across the field are “_bar-wise_.” [Illustration: No. 85.--Fitzalan of Bedale.] [Illustration: No. 86.--De Valence.] [Illustration: No. 87.--Erskine.] [Illustration: No. 88.--Grandison.]