The Hansa uprose in a rough age, and hence had to work with the rough-made methods of its time; but in its time and in its way it did a good work, and posterity cannot withhold from it either gratitude or admiration. Its policy, its laws, its constitution, its commerce, its immense credit, the sway which it once exercised, the able magistrates, merchants, and mariners whom it produced--all these have vanished, unable to resist the torrent of time that engulfs good and bad alike. But its influence and example have remained, while much of its spirit, like many of its ideas and rules, have become incorporated into the general stock of the ideas of humanity. Of the League itself, it is true there remains only an illustrious name. For Germany, which gave it birth, there remain memories both of pride and regret--memories that should serve as a spur to noble and useful emulation. "The History of Commerce," says Montesquieu, "is the history of the intercommunication of peoples." The story of the Hanseatic League is an eloquent testimony to the truth of these words. INDEX. A Albert Dürer, 226 Alva, Duke of, 299 Amsterdam, 308, 310 Antwerp, 308, 310 Armada, 317, 349 Arnold of Brescia, 38 Art, 109 B Baltic, 21, 45, 89, 217, 260, 286, 296, 309 Barbarossa, 4, 35 Bergen, 20, 127, 137, 284 Bismarck, 375 Blackmail, 12, 43 Boris, Gudenow, 161, 302 Bornholm, 59, 98, 237, 300 Bremen, 83, 322, 365, 375 Brömse, Nicholas, 266, 270 Bruges, 95, 100, 163, 307 Brunswick, 85 Burleigh, Lord, 336 C Charles IV., 63, 73 Charles V., 219 Charles VI., 369 Christian II., 219 Christopher of Oldenburg, 251 Civilizing influence of traders, 24 Cologne, 34, 61, 95, 168, 179, 264, 309, 319, 321, 348 Commerce with Denmark, Sweden, and Russia, 148 Commerce with the Netherlands and Southern Europe, 163 Copenhagen, 50, 57 Court of St. Peter, 30, 153 Cromwell's Navigation Act, 256 D Dalecarlia, 227 Dangers of navigation, 17, 18 Danzig, 87, 98, 185, 300, 315 Decline and fall, 209 Denmark, 48, 51, 57, 148, 219, 250, 259, 260, 284, 300, 357 Diet of Worms, 43 Ducal cities, 80 Duke of Northumberland, 332 Dürer, Albert, 226 Dutch, 95, 137, 169, 217, 306 E Elizabeth, Queen, 336 Embden, 342 End of Hansa dominion in England, 324 England, 15, 16, 98, 138, 179, 286 England, end of dominion in, 324 English towns, 195 Epilogue, 379 Ethelred the Unready, 15 F Federation, 21 Feodorowitch Gudenow, 161, 302 Fights of the Hansa, 48 Foreign protection, 15 Foreign trade, 30 France, 171 Frederick Barbarossa, 4, 35 Frederick (of Holstein), 225, 231, 236, 244 Freiburg, 38 G Godeke Michelson, 129, 134