The Harlot's Progress (1733), The Rake's Progress (Ms., ca. 1778-1780)Cibber, Theophilus
General
The Harlot's Progress (1733), The Rake's Progress (Ms., ca. 1778-1780)
Cibber, Theophilus
English drama -- 18th century
In the jail scene, the rake turns out of his breeches a "Scheme to Pay
the National Debt," a specific verbal echo of the Fleet Street print,
and the prisoners sing a familiar tune ("Welcome, Brother Debtor") as
musical background to his off-stage suicide. Then Virtue returns to
ascend with "Liberty and Benevolence" on a cloud, able to relax now that
Vice's influence has run its destructive course.
_The Rake's Progress_ is an essentially uneven dramatic work. The
playwright colors the didacticism of Hogarth's prints with music and
farce, yet underscores it by adding Virtue and Vice and the melodrama of
Rakewell's suicide and Sarah's probable death. The author capitalizes on
the suspense of choice, characteristic of the morality play, by
dramatizing it in conflicts between Vice and Virtue. Yet the effect
remains unbalanced. This palpable form of Hogarth's visual satire loses
much of its impact without a balance of serious, comic, and musical
ingredients. Furthermore, the musical elements are so haphazardly
distributed that they often contribute to a patchwork effect, as when
the bailiff sings a solo prior to making an arrest.
Although _The Rake's Progress_ purports to imitate Hogarth's "Comedy,"
where a "biginning, middle & an End/ Are Aptly join'd; where parts on
parts depend,/ Each made for each, as Bodies for their Soul," the 15
scenes alternate too erratically between humor and melodrama to convey
the artistic unity and moral conviction evident in the pictorial
sequence. But this stage piece does demonstrate the persistence of
Hogarth's visual presence in later eighteenth-century life along with
the adaptability of his graphic scenes for the London theater.
Clearly Theophilus Cibber's comical, lyrical exploitation in _The
Harlot's Progress_ of Hogarth's designs exhibits a more coherent
dramatic structure than the tentative, disjointed medley of music and
moralism in _The Rake's Progress_. Further, Cibber's piece adds literary
insight to our concept of the hardly dumb genre of pantomime, with its
musical and masque components. The added melodrama and sentimentality in
_The Rake's Progress_ can help to index theatrical taste in the later
period. For students of the century, both works demonstrate clearly an
aspect of the reliance on Hogarth's art by playwrights. They also show
the flexibility of the London stage in the use of elements of music and
dance to link separate print scenes, and so attempt a bridge between the
forms of art and drama. These two examples of the lively interplay
operative between stage and print in the early and late decades heighten
appreciation of the expectancies of cultural experiences of different
audiences in the eighteenth century.
THE TUNES
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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