Nicholas I, referred to, 104, 202, 222, 229, 246, 249, 253, 260, 268, 284; his policy, 135-160; his recruiting, 135-139; his colonization scheme, 140-143; attempts at conversion of Jews, 144-147, 188; his Exportation Law, 152-154; his accusations refuted, 162-164; investigates number of learned Jews, 167, 168, 198; outwitted, 184; on Jews of Odessa, 196. Nicholas II, referred to, 80, 192; persecution of Jews under, 275-277. Nieszvicz, 82, 114, 118, 127, 197. Nisanovich, Itshe, physician, 39. _Nishmat Hayyim_, by Manasseh ben Israel, 63. Noah, Mordecai Manuel, statesman, 284. Nomenclature, Russo-Jewish, 30. Notkin, Nathan, diplomat and philanthropist, 118, 125. Novgorod, 25, 139, 271. Novy Israil Society, 248. Odessa, schools in, 164, 185; Lilienthal in, 176; Jewish influences in, 194-197; Talmud Torah of, 226; Haskalah in, 233-235; Russification of, 240, 246, 255; assimilation in, 248; pogromy in, 253; referred to, 251, 292, 294, 295, 296; Jewish women of, 299-300. 'Olam Katan, 297. _Old Paths_, by McCaul, 146, 211. Ostrog, 44, 206. Pale, the Jewish, 188, 199, 271, 274. Palestine, rehabilitation of, 13; settlers from, in Russia, 18, 27; longing for, 153, 283; Smolenskin on, 263-264. Parlovich, Arthur, physician, 126. Patapov, Governor-General, convokes a conference, 259. Paul I, 62, 111, 112. Paul III, pope, 253. Pechersky, St. Feodosi, 25. Peretz, Abraham, diplomat, 118, 125, 130. Peretz, Gregori, Dekabrist, 192, 249, 284. Perl, Joseph, educator, 163, 164, 205. Perl, S., educator, 166. Persia, immigrants from, 19. Peter the Great, conquers the Tatars, 54; his attempts to civilize Russia, 56; surrender of Riga to, 123. _Phaedon_, by Mendelssohn, 214. Philippson, Ludwig, rabbi, 154, 158, 175. Phillips, Phinehas, founder of the Anglo-Jewish family, 94. Pinczows, the, scholars, 104-105. Pinner, Ephraim Moses, Talmudist, 145. Pinsk, 76, 197, 202, 242. Pinsker, Leo, nationalist, 263, 281-283. Pinsker, Simhah, scholar, 108-109, 164, 195. Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich, liberal school superintendent, 226-228. Plehve, von, on restrictions, 302. Plungian, Ezekiel Feiyel, Talmudist, 119, 203. Pobyedonostsev, influences Alexander II, 250-251; procurator of the Holy Synod, 269; his policy regarding Jews, 270; on Jewish superiority, 273. Podolia, 60, 64, 69, 162, 195, 277. Pogodin, on early Russian Jews, 19. Pogromy, 253, 269-270. Poimaniki, 136-138, 152, 162, 184. Poimshchiki, 137. Polack, Jacob, Talmudist, 72, 104. Poland, early settlement of Jews in, 20; political eminence of, 22-23; proselytism in, 26; after Chmielnicki's massacres, 53-55; influence of Calvinism in, 56-57; during the rozbior, 58; after the annexation, 113; Jewish loyalty to, 115-116; under Nicholas I, 158-159; use of Polish in, 196; sympathy with, and adoption of language of, 246-247.