Polonnoy, Jacob Joseph of, follower of Besht, 65; his _Toledot Ya'akob Yosef_ burnt in Vilna, 76; mentioned, 122, 132. Polotsk, 55, 95. Poltava, 200, 239, 300. Popes, 72, 253. Posner, Solomon, philanthropist, 143-144. Pototzki, Count Valentine, proselyte, 27. Prayer book. See Book of Common Prayer. Prelooker, Jacob, 241-242, 248. Printing-press, permission to establish, 110; first publications from, 124; restrictions removed from use of, 230. Prochovnik, Abraham, Jewish king of Poland (?), 22. Proselytism, 18, 20, 24-28. Public schools, admission of Jews to, 111, 118, 125; exclusion of Jews from, 273-275. Pumpyansky, Aaron Elijah, rabbi, 203, 246. Pushkin's prisoner, 224. Querido, Jacob, mystic, 64. Rabbinical seminaries, 144-145, 165, 170, 173, 182, 196, 202-203. Rabbis, position of, in Russo-Poland, 44-45; required to know Russian, German, or Polish, 125; opposed by Maskilim, 173; Lilienthal on, 174, 181; Guenzburg on, 216-217; dukhovny and kazyony, 295-296. Rabinovich, Osip, litterateur, 201, 238, 243. Rabinowitz, Joseph, assimilationist, 248. Rachmailovich, Affras, merchant, 22. Radziwill, Prince, 24, 39, 62. Rapoport, Solomon Loeb, rabbi, 205. Rasiner, Israel, zaddik, 211. Raskolniki, 248. Rathaus, Abraham, merchant, 200. Razsvyet, 238, 243-244, 286. Reform Judaism, and the Haskalah, 242-248; sermons in Russian, 246; Smolenskin on, 264-265. Reform synagogues, in Odessa, 196; in Warsaw, 197; in Vilna, 198. Reines, Isaac Jacob, rabbi, 295. Reis, Joseph, grandfather of Wessely, 77. Revolutionaries, 192, 248-251, 255-258. Riesser, Gabriel, champion of Jewish emancipation, 78. Riga, 123, 164, 170, 180, 185, 195, 197, 225, 246, 271. Risenci, Jonathan of, rabbi, 104. Rivkes, Moses, commentator, 34. Romm, Menahem Mann, publisher, 148-149. Rosensohn, Joseph, rabbi, 127. Rosensohn, Moses, reformer, 247. Rosenthal, Leon, financier, 200, 237-238. Rothschild, Baron Edmund de, 288. Rurik, Varangian prince, 19.