`Amr ibn Layth, Ya`kūb succeeded by, 105; career and death, 105, 109–11. Amū Daryā, crossed by Alexander, 6; boundary between Turkish and Persian dominions, 30; Al-Hakam first Arabian general to cross, 39; course, 358; shifting of bed, 263; navigation, 358; viaduct over, 310–312, 359. Amūya, ancient name for Charjūy, 144. Amyntas, 10. Andakhūy, 8. Andarāl (Drapsaca), 6. Andijān, Kokandis defeated at, 260. Annenkoff, General, Transcaspian railway constructed by, 307–10. Antes, 225. Antiochus I. and II., 11. Anūsha Khān, Bokhārā invaded by, 197. Anūshirawān (_see Chosrau I._). Aornos (Gori, Khulum), taken by Alexander the Great, 6. Apaoki (T’ai-tsu), 137 _note_. Arabia Felix, origin of name, 34 _note_. Arabs, rise of Islām and spread of conquests, 34–44; Arabic literature, 180. Arachosia (_see Kandahār_). Arbela (Gaugamela), battle of, 5. Ardashīr, 22. Ardavān (Artaban), battle with Ardashīr, 23. Arimazes, 8. Arsaces, Andragoras overthrown by, 11; Arsacidæ dynasty founded by, 12; Kābul partly possessed by Arsacidæ, 19. Arslān Khān, 120. Artabanus II., 12. Artaxerxes IV. (Bessus), 5. Aryan race, Pamirs birthplace of, 3. Asad ibn `Abdullah el-Kasrī, 71, 75–77. Ashras ibn `Abdullah (the Perfect), 72. `Āsim ibn `Abdullah, 75. Askabad, 345–9. Astatke, 340 _note_. Astrakhan conquered by Russia, 236. Astrakhan dynasty, 194–203. Atsiz, revolt against Sanjar, 138, 139; death, 140. Ayāz Topchi-bāshi, 211, 213. Bāber (_see Zahīr ud-Din Bāber_). _Bachas_, definition, 369. =Bactria= (district), ancient extent, 3; conquered by Cyrus I., sovereignty assumed by Bessus, 6; conquered by Alexander the Great, 4–10; =Græco-Bactrian= kingdom, founder of, 11; districts ceded to Parthia, 12; invasion by Sakas, 16, 18; downfall, 18; =Yué-Chi= invasion, 19; partition among clans, 19; Kushans expelled, 20; =Ephthalite= settlement, 20; expedition of Bahrām Gūr, 24; annexed by Persia, 30. Bactria (town) (_see Balkh_). Badakshān incorporated with Transoxiana, 192. Bādghīs, definition, 299 _note_. Baghdād captured by Tāhir, 99. Bahrām `Ali Khān, slain in battle with Ma´sūm, 206; Merv railway station named after, 353. Bahrām Chūbīn, 32. Bahrām Gūr, 24. Baigha, Bokhāran national game, 370. Bākhdi (_see Balkh_). Bākī Mohammad, 195. Balāsāghūn, built by Būkū Khān, 116; capital chosen by Ye-liu Ta-shi, 137. Balāsh, 26. Balkategin, 136.