=Balkh= (Bactria, Bākhdi), 3 _note_; taken by Alexander the Great, 6; included in Tokhāristān, 18; annexed by Persians, 30; Islām introduced into, 38; reduced by Rabī` ibn Ziyād, 39; Kutayba’s expeditions to, 46, 57; coalition with Nīzek, 56; temporary Mohammedan capital of Central Asia, 76; Sāmānanatire of, 101; siege and capture by Isma`īl, 110; centre of Mohammedan learning, 131; defeat of Sanjar, 141; `Alā ud-Dīn master of, 147; Chaghatāy in possession of, 160. Bamian, 19. Barmecides, fall of, 95. Barmek, 95 _note_. Barthold, M., 150 _note_. Batanieff, Major, mission to Bokhārā, 217. Bātū Khān, 183, 233. Bayān Kulī, 166. Bayān Seldūz, 166. Bāyazīd Jalā´ir Amīr, 167. Bāyazīd I., Sultan of Turkey, 171. Baykand (City of Merchants), identification with Zariaspa, 8 _note_; importance of, 50; partial conquest by `Ubaydullah ibn Ziyād, 39; battle and siege of, 47–49; restoration, 49. Baysunkur, 178. Begi Jān (_see Shāh Murād_). Bektuzun, 118 Bellew, Dr., _cited_ 41 _note_, _passim_. Bendoe, 32. Beni Rabī`a, 79. Berkiyāruk, 133 _note_, 134, 144. Bessus (Artaxerxes IV.), 5.. Bi, definition, 204 _note_. Bishkand, identified with Panjakand, 187 _note_. Bistām, 32. Boghrā Khān, brother and successor of Arslān Khān, 120. Boghrā Khān, first Uīghūr Khān of Turkestān, 117. =Bokhārā= (Sherīf or “the Noble”), settlement of Bactrians in confines of, 18; conquered by Arabs, 40, 41; king defeated by Habīb, 44; Kutayba’s expeditions, 46–55; Ism`l sent to and superseded by Ishak, 106, 107; capital of Transoxiana and Khwārazm, 109, 111; centre of Mohammedan culture and learning, 111; destroyed by Chingiz, 158; rising in, during reign of Chaghatāy, 161 _note_; loss of position as capital, 189; sub-dynasty abolished, 191; Astrakhan dynasty in, 194–203; prosperity regained in, 195; Khivan revolt against, 197, 198; Mangit dynasty in, 204–21; effect of Ma´sūm’s rule on, 208; besieged by Nasrullah, 212; English and Russian missions to, 217–18; Russian conquest, 250–56; climate, soil, and productions, 360–63; varied character of population, 364–367; women of, 368; customs and amusements, 368–70; bazaar, 370; public buildings, 373–77; coinage, 371; Islāmic education, 374; government, 379–85; decline of slave-market, 378; dialect, 180. Bolars (Boyars), rise of, 230; influence of, shaken off by Ivan IV., 236. Bosphorus, Caucasian (Straits of Yenekale), 13. Bretschneider, _cited_ 139 _note_. Browne, E. G., _cited_ 133 _note_. Browning, Oscar, _cited_ 242 _note_. Bukayr, 43. Būkū Khān, 115. Burnes, Alexander, mission to Bokhārā, 217; _cited_ 207 _note_; _passim_. Buyide (Daylamite) dynasty, increase in power, 112; overthrow by Toghrul Beg, 129.