=Kara-Khitāys=--origin of empire, 137; Transoxiana tributary to, 137; Sanjar defeated, 139; Khwārazm invaded, 144; Tekish aided, 145; rupture with Tekish and reconciliation, 145–47; independence of, asserted by Mohammad Shāh, 147, 148; Gūr-Khān dethroned by Guchluk, 155–56; downfall of kingdom, 157; urban life, 163. Kara-Khānides (_see Uīghūrs_). Karmā, 146. =Kāshghar=--Juen-Juen masters of, 21; occupied by Great Yué-Chi, 16; conquered by Kutayba, 62; by Kādir Khān, 120; by the Tufghāj, 120; by Ye-liu Ta-shi and made capital, 137, 138; Seljūk suzerainty recognised, 132; in possession of Guchluk, 156, 157; part of Mongol Empire, 160; dialect, 180. Kāsim Mohammad, 197. Kasimovski, 183 _note_. Katti Tūra, 256. Kauffman, General, appointed governor-general of Turkestān, 253; Samarkand taken, 254; Kokand invaded, 260; war with Yomud Turkomans, 284. Kavādh (_see Kobād_). Kāwurd (Kurd, Kādurd, Cawder), 131 _note_. Kay-Khosrū, 115. Kays ibn al-Haytham, 38. Kazāks, the, 183. Kazān (Karān) Khān, 165. Kazghan, Amīr, 165. Kerbelā, battle near, 84. Kerz, siege of, 58. Kesh (_see Shahrisabz_). Khadīja, 35. Khālid, 37. Khālid ibn `Abdullah al-Kasrī, 71. Khālid ibn Barmek, 95 _note_. _Khalīfa_ (_see Caliphs_). Khalīl Sultan, 173–76. Khamil (Hami), 15. Khanikoff, _cited_ 207 _note_, _passim_. Khānsālār, definition, 141 _note_. Kharashar, 21. Khārijites, 78, 80, 81. Khātūn, Princess, 40–42. Khātūn Turkān, 133. Khazars, force sent against Darbend, 31. Khāzim ibn Khuzayma, 90, 91, 93. Khidhr Khān, 121. Khitā´ī, 115 _note_. Khitan, definition, 150 _note_. Khitāys (Khitā´ī) harassed by Kara-Khānides, 115, 120. =Khiva= (Khwārazm)--definition of Khwārazm, 233 _note_; Persians defeated by Ibn Āmir, 38; Mufaddhal’s expeditions against, 44; Chighān aided by Kutayba, 60; conquered by Mahmūd, 123; by Seljūks, 136; anarchy in, 138; Khwārazm Shāhs, 136, 144–48; tribute paid to Kara-Khitāys, 147; conquered by Chingiz, 159; overrun by Abū-l-Khayr, 184; conquered by Shaybānī Khān, 184; made an independent principality, 193; revolt against Bokhārā, 197; invasion of Bokhārā and subservience to, 198; conflict with Haydar, 209; conquered by Nādir Shāh, 202; Nasrullah’s hostile relations with, 216; war with Turkomans, 269; =Russian conquest=, Cossack invasion, 239; expedition against, 244; treaty concluded, 245; negotiations in reign of Peter the Great, 240–42; treacherous conduct of Khivans, 241; Bokhāran campaign joined by Khiva, 250; final conquest, 258. Khodāydād, revolt against Khalīl Sultan, 175. Khojend, surrender to Nasrullah, 215, 216; siege of, 252.